Context:
The state of Jammu and Kashmir has been officially bifurcated into the Union Territories of J&K and Ladakh with effect from October 31, 2019.
Details:
What is Article 370 and Article 35A ?
Article 370 grants an autonomous status to J&K, while Article 35A, incorporated into the Constitution in 1954, provides special rights and privileges to the citizens of the state.
Historical Background:
In October 1947, the then-Maharaja Hari Singh of Kashmir signed the ‘Instrument of Accession’, which specified three subjects on which Jammu and Kashmir would transfer its powers to the government of India:
1. Foreign affairs,
2. Defence and
3. Communications.
In March 1948, the Maharaja appointed an interim government in the state, with Sheikh Abdullah as the prime minister.
In July 1949, Sheikh Abdullah and three other colleagues joined the Indian Constituent Assembly and negotiated the special status of J&K, leading to the adoption of Article 370. The controversial provision was drafted by Sheikh Abdullah.
What is Article 370?
Article 35A:
Possibility of issues after repealment of Article 35A:
Source: The Hindu
Context:
Minister of State for Atomic Energy and Space Jitendra Singh said that the cyber attack happened in the administrative block and not in the plant.
News:
Malware was detected at state-run Nuclear Power Corp. of India Ltd’s (NPCIL) Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant (KKNPP) in September.
State-run NPCIL runs India’s fleet of 22 commercial nuclear power reactors with an installed capacity of 6,780 megawatts (MW).
A malware infection was identified in NPCIL KKNPP Internet connected system
What is a malware?
Malware is any software intentionally designed to cause damage to a computer, server, client, or computer network.
A wide variety of types of malware exist, including computer viruses, worms, Trojan horses, ransomware, spyware, adware, and scareware.
Issues of cyberattacks in India:
Way forward:
As such, there are growing concerns that the country’s power infrastructure could be the next target of terrorists looking to cripple its economy. The issue has assumed greater importance as India now has an integrated national power grid, with south India joining the national electricity grid
Source: Live Mint
Context:
The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) programme to build a fuel cell-based Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) system for Indian Naval Submarines.
What is AIP?
Importance of AIP:
Source: PIB
Context:
The Ministry of Commerce and Industry through ECGC, has introduced a new Export Credit Insurance Scheme (ECIS) called NIRVIK to enhance loan availability and ease the lending process.
About the Scheme:
Details of the Scheme
ECGC :
The Export Credit Guarantee Corporation of India (ECGC) is a fully government-owned company that was established in 1957 to promote exports by providing credit insurance services.
The ECGC provides Export Credit Insurance to Banks (ECIB) to protect the banks from losses on account of export credit at the Pre and Post-Shipment stage given to exporters due to the risks of insolvency or protracted default of the exporter borrower.
Source: PIB
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