Climate Engineering

The UNESCO report has stressed for mandatory participation of the vulnerable, neglected and marginalised individuals in policy decisions related to climate engineering.

It is the intentional large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climate system to counter climate change.
It is also known as geoengineering which involves 2 techniques.
Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) – It removes and stores the emitted carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. It includes
- Direct air capture
- Land-use management (afforestation / reforestation)
- Sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2)
- Increasing the uptake of CO2 by the ocean
- Enhancing natural weathering processes that remove CO2 from the atmosphere

According to a report in the journal Nature, so far, new CDR technologies have removed only about 0.1% of carbon that is around 2.3 million tonnes per year.

Solar Radiation Modification (SRM) – It reflects sunlight back to space to reduce the amount reaching the Earth’s surface and is also known as solar geoengineering
Techniques to increase surface reflectivity of Earth includes
- Painting structures with reflective paints
- Planting crops with high reflectivity
- Enhancing the reflectivity of marine clouds
- Injecting aerosols into the lower stratosphere to mimic the cooling induced by volcanic eruptions
- Placing reflectors or shields in space
- Removing infrared-absorbing clouds from the atmosphere to reduce trapped heat

Challenges - CDR is expensive and is being developed by only a very small group of countries, firms and academics.

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