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Supreme Court Limits on Narco-Analysis In December 2025, the Supreme Court set aside a Patna High Court order and reaffirmed that involuntary narco-analysis is unconstitutional. Upholding the landmark Selvi vs. State of Karnataka (2010) guidelines, the Court ruled that investigative requirements cannot override fundamental rights. The judgment protects the dignity and autonomy of accused persons during investigation. It makes clear that scientific techniques such as narco-analysis cannot be forced upon an individual without valid and informed consent. Legal Ground Elaborated Explanation Constitutional Protection Forced tests violate Article 20(3), which protects against self-incrimination, and Article 21, which protects life, personal liberty,…
13 April, 2026
Landmark Judgements
4-Factor Test to Avoid Undue Sympathy in Sentencing On February 17, 2026, the Supreme Court, in Parameshwari vs. State of Tamil Nadu, ruled that increasing victim compensation cannot be used as a reason to reduce an offender’s imprisonment. The Court clarified that compensation and punishment serve different purposes: compensation restores the victim to some extent, while punishment upholds criminal deterrence and public confidence in justice. The ruling is significant because it prevents courts from substituting jail terms with monetary relief. It reinforces that sentencing must remain proportionate to the offence, even when compensation is awarded to the victim. Four-Factor Test…
12 April, 2026
Landmark Judgements
Rights of Widowed Daughters-in-Law (HAMA, 1956) On January 13, 2026, the Supreme Court delivered a landmark verdict affirming that a widowed daughter-in-law can claim maintenance from her deceased father-in-law’s estate under the Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act (HAMA), 1956. The ruling strengthens the protective purpose of maintenance law and prevents dependents from being denied support because of narrow technical interpretations. The Court clarified that the phrase “any widow of his son” should be understood broadly. The timing of when a woman became a widow is not relevant if she is otherwise dependent and falls within the protection of the Act.…
12 April, 2026
Landmark Judgements
Freedom of Religion and Right to Privacy Interlinked: Supreme Court In October 2025, the Supreme Court delivered a landmark ruling while hearing challenges to the UP Anti-Conversion Law, asserting that the right to choose a religion is a purely personal choice beyond State regulation. Aspect Details Privacy as a Condition Precedent • Article 25 and Privacy: The Court established a direct link between the Right to Privacy and Article 25, stating that privacy is a “condition precedent” for exercising freedom of conscience. • Constitutional Secularism: Reaffirming that “secularism” is part of the Constitution’s basic structure, the bench ruled that personal…
09 April, 2026
Landmark Judgements
Maternity Leave: A Fundamental Reproductive Right On 22nd May 2025, the Supreme Court delivered a landmark verdict in the Uma Devi case, ruling that maternity benefits are an essential part of reproductive rights and cannot be restricted by discriminatory norms. Highlight of the Verdict Details Reproductive Autonomy The Court reaffirmed that reproductive rights and the right to motherhood are core components of personal liberty and dignity under Article 21 of the Constitution. Liberal Interpretation Service rules, such as Tamil Nadu’s “two-child norm,” are beneficial provisions that must be interpreted liberally. They should not be applied mechanically to penalize a woman…
08 April, 2026
Landmark Judgements
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