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On 1st November, eight Indian states—Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, and Tamil Nadu—along with five Union Territories—Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Delhi, Lakshadweep, and Puducherry—celebrate their Formation Day. This date marks an important milestone in India’s administrative evolution, shaped primarily by the States Reorganisation Act of 1956 and subsequent state bifurcations. States Celebrating
The President of the United States has ordered the resumption of nuclear weapon testing after a gap of 33 years, the last test being in 1992. This decision marks a significant shift in global nuclear policy and has far-reaching implications for geopolitics, the environment, and international security. Status of Global Nuclear Weapon Testing Origins and Early History The nuclear era began in 1945 with the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the United States, which ended Wor
The Ministry of Education plans to introduce Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Computational Thinking (CT) from Class 3 onwards in the 2026–27 academic year. This initiative is part of the National Curriculum Framework for School Education (NCF-SE) 2023 and aligns with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. The aim is to prepare students for an AI-driven future and equip them with essential digital skills. The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has formed an expert commit
The Indian Naval Ship (INS) Sahyadri is currently at Guam in the Northern Pacific to participate in the multilateral Exercise Malabar-2025. About Exercise Malabar Exercise Malabar is a naval exercise that was initiated in 1992 as a bilateral exercise between the Indian Navy and the United States Navy. The first Malabar Exercise in the Bay of Bengal took place in 2007. In 2015, the exercise was expanded to a trilateral format with the inclusion of the Japanese Navy.
Recently, the Indian Naval Ship (INS) Sahyadri participated in the Sea phase of JAIMEX-25, a maritime exercise between India and Japan. This exercise highlights the growing cooperation between the two countries in the maritime domain, specifically within the context of their Special Strategic and Global Partnership established in 2014. About JAIMEX 2025 Objective: The exercise aims to enhance naval cooperation and interoperability between the Indian Navy and Japanese Maritime Sel
The Indian Institute of Packaging (IIP) has recently opened its Bengaluru Centre, marking another step in its effort to enhance its outreach and promote the development of the packaging sector in India. About Indian Institute of Packaging (IIP) Establishment: The IIP was established on 14th May 1966 and operates under the administrative control of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India. Headquarters: The main headquarters and principal laboratories are
11 November, 2025
GS-II
Government policies and interventions
Recently, the Delhi High Court has ruled that courts have the authority to exempt a property from the Doctrine of Lis Pendens in certain cases. This exemption is aimed at shielding genuine owners from vexatious lawsuits that could otherwise affect their property rights during the pendency of litigation. The court’s ruling highlights a significant aspect of property law, where it aims to balance legal protection with justice for bona fide owners. About the Doctrine of Lis Pendens
The National Means-cum-Merit Scholarship Scheme (NMMS) has been a significant initiative to support meritorious students from economically weaker sections, helping them continue their education at the secondary and senior secondary levels. About the National Means-cum-Merit Scholarship Scheme (NMMS): Launched: May 2008, as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme. Objective: To award scholarships to meritorious students from economically weaker sections of society, aiming to reduce
10 November, 2025
GS-II
Government policies and interventions
The Sevilla Forum on Debt was recently launched at the 16th United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD16) in Geneva as part of global efforts to address the challenges of sovereign debt and ensure debt sustainability for developing countries. This new initiative is expected to foster collaborative dialogue and action on sovereign debt reform. About the Sevilla Forum on Debt: Initiative: The forum is led by Spain and supported by the UNCTAD and the UN Department of
India and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) recently celebrated 80 years of partnership on World Food Day 2025. About the FAO The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established in October 1945. It is the oldest permanent specialized agency of the UN and plays a crucial role in coordinating international efforts to combat hunger and improve food security worldwide. Mandate: The primary goals of FAO i
India and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) recently celebrated 80 years of partnership on World Food Day 2025. About the FAO The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established in October 1945. It is the oldest permanent specialized agency of the UN and plays a crucial role in coordinating international efforts to combat hunger and improve food security worldwide. Mandate: The primary goals of FAO i
The India-Qatar Joint Commission on Economic and Commercial Cooperation (JCEC) meeting marked a significant step in strengthening bilateral ties between India and Qatar, focusing on boosting trade, investment, and collaboration across several sectors. Key Outcomes of the India-Qatar Joint Commission Meeting: Ambitious Trade Target: Both nations aim to double bilateral trade by 2030. Current trade stands at around USD 14 billion, with both countries recognizing the un
Recently, US President Donald Trump expressed his outrage over the International Maritime Organisation's (IMO) plan to vote on imposing a carbon emissions price on global shipping. He criticized the move, calling it a “Global Green New Scam Tax.” This has sparked a debate about the potential impacts of environmental regulations on the international shipping industry. About the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) The IMO is a specialized agency of the United Nation
Pakistan has approached China, which it regards as an "iron friend," to assist in securing a membership for Pakistan in the New Development Bank (NDB). About New Development Bank (NDB) The New Development Bank (formerly known as the BRICS Development Bank) is a multilateral development bank founded by the BRICS countries—Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. Establishment and Founding Members: The NDB was established in 2014 after an agreement was
The We Rise Initiative, recently launched by NITI Aayog's Women Entrepreneurship Platform (WEP) in collaboration with DP World, is a significant step in empowering women entrepreneurs in India. About the We Rise Initiative: Objective: The Women Entrepreneurs Reimagining Inclusive and Sustainable Enterprises (We Rise) initiative aims to scale businesses globally by empowering women entrepreneurs through trade facilitation, mentorship, and strategic partnerships. Focus
Prime Minister Narendra Modi recently hosted Singaporean Prime Minister Lawrence Wong in New Delhi, signaling a continued strengthening of bilateral ties between the two nations. The discussions covered a wide array of areas, ranging from economic cooperation to defense and security, with several important initiatives and agreements being laid out. Key Outcomes of the India-Singapore Summit 1. Economic and Trade Cooperation Review of CECA and ASEAN FTA: India and Singapore are
Prime Minister Narendra Modi recently launched the ‘Swasth Nari, Sashakt Parivar’ (SNSP) Abhiyaan in Dhar, Madhya Pradesh, aimed at strengthening healthcare services for women and children across India. The initiative focuses on improving access to healthcare, ensuring quality care, and raising awareness on health issues related to women and children. About the SNSP Abhiyaan The Swasth Nari, Sashakt Parivar Abhiyaan is a collaborative initiative between two key ministries:
05 November, 2025
GS-II
Government policies and interventions
India and Brazil have recently agreed to expand their existing trade agreement between India and the MERCOSUR bloc, marking a significant step in strengthening economic and trade relations between India and South America. About MERCOSUR Group The Southern Common Market, or MERCOSUR (from its Spanish acronym Mercado Común del Sur), is a regional economic organization in South America. Established: 1991 through the Treaty of Asunción. Objective: The primary
The IN-RoKN Exercise is a significant step in strengthening the naval ties between India and South Korea. IN-RoKN Exercise Overview: Participants: Indian Navy (IN) and Republic of Korea Navy (RoKN). Location: The exercise is taking place in Busan Naval Harbour, South Korea. Date: The Indian Naval Ship (INS Sahyadri) arrived on 13 October 2025, marking the beginning of this inaugural bilateral naval exercise. Purpose: The exercise aims to: Deepe
India's passport has dropped to the 85th rank in the Henley Passport Index 2025, falling five places compared to the previous year.. About the Henley Passport Index: The Henley Passport Index is a globally recognized ranking system that measures the strength of passports based on the visa-free access their holders have to different countries. It is widely regarded as a key indicator of global mobility and diplomatic relationships between nations. Established: In 2006, orig
The Public Trust Doctrine has recently been reaffirmed by the Supreme Court of India, which expanded its scope to include man-made or artificial waterbodies that serve ecological or environmental purposes. This extension reflects a growing recognition of the need to protect resources critical to the public good, whether natural or human-made. What is the Public Trust Doctrine? The Public Trust Doctrine is a legal principle asserting that certain natural and cultural resources must be p
The Ministry of Panchayati Raj recently launched the People’s Plan Campaign (PPC) for 2025–26 to initiate the nationwide process of preparing Panchayat Development Plans (PDPs) for the Financial Year 2026–27. The overarching slogan, “Sabki Yojana, Sabka Vikas”, emphasizes the inclusivity and holistic nature of the planning process, aiming for comprehensive rural development. What is the People’s Plan Campaign (PPC)? The People’s Plan Campaign (
03 November, 2025
GS-II
Government policies and interventions
Steadfast Noon is NATO's annual nuclear deterrence exercise, and for 2025, it will be hosted by the Netherlands. Key Details of Steadfast Noon 2025: Location and Hosts: The main site for the exercise will be Volkel Air Base in the Netherlands. Additional bases will be involved in the exercise, including those in Kleine Brogel (Belgium), Lakenheath (UK), and Skrydstrup (Denmark). Participants: Around 70 aircraft from 14 NATO me
An Indian Army contingent of 120 personnel has recently departed for Irwin Barracks, Perth, Australia to participate in the fourth edition of Exercise AUSTRAHIND 2025. This annual exercise between India and Australia plays a crucial role in strengthening military ties and improving operational capabilities. Key Highlights of Exercise AUSTRAHIND 2025: Joint Military Exercise: Exercise AUSTRAHIND is an annual joint military exercise between the Indian Army and the Austr
Understanding Unemployment in India Unemployment is a critical economic indicator that measures the percentage of people actively seeking work but unable to find employment.In India, the labour force includes both employed and unemployed individuals, with people who are not working or seeking work (e.g., students) excluded. Current State of Unemployment in India Overall Unemployment: As per the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS), India’s unemployment rate dr
01 November, 2025
GS-II
Government policies and interventions
The term Provincial Citizenship is gaining attention in academic and policy debates, particularly in the context of domicile policies in states like Jharkhand, Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), and Assam. This emerging concept signals a shift toward more exclusionary and nativist politics that may challenge India's constitutional ideal of singular, equal Indian citizenship. What is Provincial Citizenship? Provincial Citizenship is a politically constructed, unofficial notion that ties
The recent protests against Microsoft over allegations that its Azure cloud services were used to support Israeli military operations, and the concerns about the Wassenaar Arrangement’s export control framework, highlight the growing ethical, legal, and security challenges in regulating dual-use technologies. What is the Wassenaar Arrangement? The Wassenaar Arrangement (WA) is a multilateral export control regime designed to regulate the international trade of sensitive dual-use te
31 October, 2025
GS-II
International treaties and conventions
The AI for Good Summit at the India Mobile Congress (IMC) 2025 marks an important step in harnessing the power of artificial intelligence (AI) for global development and technological collaboration. The summit, hosted by the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), is an excellent platform to discuss the evolving role of AI in shaping the future of connectivity, digital transformation, and sustainability. Key Points on the International T
What is the H-1B Visa Program? The H-1B visa is a non-immigrant visa designed to enable U.S. companies to hire foreign workers in specialized fields such as STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math) and IT. Introduced in 1990, the program helps companies address skill shortages when qualified U.S. workers are not available. The visa is valid for up to six years, with the option to transition to permanent residency (Green Card). Key Features: Share of Indians: Indians d
The DRAVYA portal has launched its first phase, aiming to catalogue information on 100 key medicinal substances used in Ayurveda and other AYUSH systems. About DRAVYA Portal The DRAVYA portal, which stands for Digitized Retrieval Application for Versatile Yardstick of AYUSH Substances, is a state-of-the-art platform aimed at consolidating vast information on Ayurvedic ingredients and medicinal products. It is a dynamic and ever-evolving database that integrates classical Ayurveda t
29 October, 2025
GS-II
Government policies and interventions
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03 Dec,2025
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