Bilateral - Regional and Global Groupings

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India-EFTA TEPA: Trade & Economic Partnership Agreement Explained | UPSC GS-2 IR/PSIR

India-EFTA Trade and Economic Partnership Agreement UPSC GS-2 IR/PSIR The India-EFTA TEPA is a comprehensive trade pact between India and four non-EU European countries — Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland — aimed at boosting trade, investment, jobs, services, technology and supply-chain resilience. Why in News? The India-European Free Trade Association Trade and Economic Partnership Agreement was signed on 10 March 2024 and came into effect on 1

03 September, 2025 Europe and European union
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India-Norway Green Strategic Partnership Explained | UPSC GS-2 IR/PSIR

India and Norway Elevate Ties to Green Strategic PartnershipUPSC GS-2 IR/PSIR UPSC MAINS India and Norway signed pacts on space, health and digital development after talks between PM Narendra Modi and PM Jonas Gahr Støre in Oslo. Strategic upgrade India and Norway decided to raise bilateral ties to a Green Strategic Partnership. Meeting held in Oslo on Monday Leaders: Narendra Modi and Jonas Gahr Støre Modi arrived in Oslo from Sweden as part of his four-nati

21 May, 2026 Europe and European union
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Washington Accords for Peace and Prosperity

Washington Accords for Peace and Prosperity On 4th December 2025, the US President hosted the signing of the Washington Accords for Peace and Prosperity between the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and the Republic of Rwanda in Washington, DC. The accords seek to reduce long-standing conflict, promote economic cooperation and establish the foundation for peace in Africa’s Great Lakes region. Aspect Details Agreement The Washington Acco

21 April, 2026 Central and latin America
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Israel Recognises Somaliland as an Independent State

Israel Recognises Somaliland as an Independent State On 26th December 2025, Israel became the second United Nations member state to officially recognise the Republic of Somaliland as an independent and sovereign state. The recognition has renewed debates over statehood, sovereignty, territorial integrity and international recognition in the Horn of Africa. Aspect Details Recognition by Israel Israel officially recognised Somaliland as an independe

21 April, 2026 Middle East and West Asia
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UK Transfers Sovereignty of Chagos Islands to Mauritius

UK Transfers Sovereignty of Chagos Islands to Mauritius On 22nd May 2025, the United Kingdom agreed to transfer sovereignty of the Chagos Islands to Mauritius. The agreement ends decades of British control over the Indian Ocean archipelago, while retaining strategic military arrangements over Diego Garcia. Aspect Details Sovereignty Transfer The UK agreed to transfer sovereignty of the Chagos Islands to Mauritius after decades of British control.

21 April, 2026 Europe and European union
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U.S. Action in Venezuela: Oil, Sovereignty & International Law

U.S. Action in Venezuela: Oil, Sovereignty & International Law On 3rd January 2026, the U.S. carried out a military operation in Venezuela and captured President Nicolás Maduro. The U.S. accused him of working with drug cartels and claimed that Venezuela posed a security threat, making the action controversial under sovereignty and international law principles. Issue Details Violation of Article 2(4) The U.S. use of military force again