Landmark judgements

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Maternity Leave: A Fundamental Reproductive Right

Maternity Leave: A Fundamental Reproductive Right On 22nd May 2025, the Supreme Court delivered a landmark verdict in the Uma Devi case, ruling that maternity benefits are an essential part of reproductive rights and cannot be restricted by discriminatory norms. Highlight of the Verdict Details Reproductive Autonomy The Court reaffirmed that reproductive rights and the right to motherhood are core components of personal liberty and dignity under Arti

Freedom of Religion and Right to Privacy Interlinked:

Freedom of Religion and Right to Privacy Interlinked: Supreme Court In October 2025, the Supreme Court delivered a landmark ruling while hearing challenges to the UP Anti-Conversion Law, asserting that the right to choose a religion is a purely personal choice beyond State regulation. Aspect Details Privacy as a Condition Precedent • Article 25 and Privacy: The Court established a direct link between the Right to Privacy and Article 25, sta

4-Factor Test to Avoid Undue Sympathy in Sentencing

4-Factor Test to Avoid Undue Sympathy in Sentencing On February 17, 2026, the Supreme Court, in Parameshwari vs. State of Tamil Nadu, ruled that increasing victim compensation cannot be used as a reason to reduce an offender’s imprisonment. The Court clarified that compensation and punishment serve different purposes: compensation restores the victim to some extent, while punishment upholds criminal deterrence and public confidence in justice. The ruling is significant because

Rights of Widowed Daughters-in-Law (HAMA, 1956)

Rights of Widowed Daughters-in-Law (HAMA, 1956) On January 13, 2026, the Supreme Court delivered a landmark verdict affirming that a widowed daughter-in-law can claim maintenance from her deceased father-in-law’s estate under the Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act (HAMA), 1956. The ruling strengthens the protective purpose of maintenance law and prevents dependents from being denied support because of narrow technical interpretations. The Court clarified that the phrase &ld

Supreme Court Limits on Narco-Analysis

Supreme Court Limits on Narco-Analysis In December 2025, the Supreme Court set aside a Patna High Court order and reaffirmed that involuntary narco-analysis is unconstitutional. Upholding the landmark Selvi vs. State of Karnataka (2010) guidelines, the Court ruled that investigative requirements cannot override fundamental rights. The judgment protects the dignity and autonomy of accused persons during investigation. It makes clear that scientific techniques such as narco-analysis ca