SHANTI Act, 2025

On December 20, 2025, the President of India gave assent to the Sustainable Harnessing and Advancement of Nuclear Energy for Transforming India (SHANTI) Act, 2025. This landmark legislation replaces the Atomic Energy Act, 1962, and the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act, 2010, modernizing India’s nuclear policy.

Salient Feature	Details
Private Sector Integration	For the first time, private companies can participate in plant operations, power generation, and nuclear fuel fabrication, subject to safety authorizations.
Exclusive Government Domains	Reprocessing, high-level waste management, and heavy water production remain under exclusive Central Government control to ensure national security.
Graded Liability Structure	Instead of a single cap, the Act introduces liability limits based on the specific type and characteristics of the nuclear installation.
Regulatory & Redressal Framework	Grants statutory status to the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB). Disputes will be handled by an Advisory Council, with the APTEL serving as the appellate authority.
Non-Power Applications	Provides a structured framework for using nuclear technology in healthcare, agriculture, and industrial research.
Compensation Mechanism	Authorizes the appointment of Claims Commissioners and a dedicated Commission to adjudicate nuclear damage claims.

PT Facts

Assent Date: 20 December 2025.
Full Form: Sustainable Harnessing and Advancement of Nuclear Energy for Transforming India.
Replaces: Atomic Energy Act, 1962 and Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act, 2010.
Major Reform: Opens nuclear plant operations, power generation, and fuel fabrication to private participation.
Regulator: AERB gets statutory status.
Appellate Authority: APTEL.

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