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Gita and Natyashastra added to UNESCO’s Memory of the World Register On 17 April 2025, the Bhagavad Gita and Bharat Muni’s Natyashastra were inscribed in UNESCO’s Memory of the World Register. With this inclusion, India now has 14 entries in UNESCO’s prestigious documentary heritage register. The recognition highlights India’s contribution to global intellectual, philosophical and cultural traditions through ancient texts that shaped ethics, spirituality
25 April, 2026 
‘Nafithromycin’: India’s First Indigenous Antibiotic On 18th October 2025, the Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Science and Technology announced that India has developed its first indigenous antibiotic, Nafithromycin, marking a historic milestone in the country’s pursuit of self-reliance in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors. Nafithromycin is the first antibiotic molecule to be conceptualised, developed, and clinically validated entir
India’s First Indigenous IBR Vaccine On 29th September 2025, Indian Immunologicals Limited launched India’s first indigenously developed glycoprotein E (gE) deleted DIVA marker vaccine against Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), named Raksha-IBR. The vaccine enables differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals, supporting improved disease surveillance and control. Key Details of Raksha-IBR Aspect Details Vaccine Name
Microsoft Introduces Majorana 1 Quantum Chip On 19th February 2025, Microsoft introduced its new Majorana 1 quantum chip, claiming it brings quantum computing “years, not decades” closer, joining companies such as Google and IBM in predicting a faster technological breakthrough. The chip is designed to improve fault tolerance in quantum computing systems and reduce computational errors caused by unstable qubits. Importance of Quantum Computing Area
25 April, 2026
Project Waterworth On 15th February 2025, Facebook owner Meta announced Project Waterworth, an ambitious plan to build a 50,000 km-long undersea cable network, surpassing Earth’s circumference, to enhance global connectivity and support AI development. The project aims to strengthen the global digital highway through new subsea infrastructure and faster high-capacity data transfer systems. Key Features of Project Waterworth Aspect Details N
Ironwood: 7th-Generation TPU for AI Workloads Google recently introduced Ironwood, its seventh-generation Tensor Processing Unit (TPU), designed specifically to accelerate artificial intelligence (AI) models. Ironwood is the latest advancement in Google’s AI-focused hardware line, building on a legacy that started with the first TPU in 2015. What are Processing Units? Processing units are the “brains” of computers, handling tasks such as calculations, send
QpiAI-Indus Quantum Computer On 14th April 2025, QpiAI, one of the eight startups selected under India’s National Quantum Mission (NQM), announced the launch of QpiAI-Indus, a 25-qubit superconducting quantum computer, on World Quantum Day 2025. The launch marks a major milestone in India’s efforts to develop indigenous quantum computing capabilities and strengthen the national quantum ecosystem. Key Features of QpiAI-Indus Aspect Details
India Demonstrates Quantum Entanglement-Based Secure Communication On 16th June 2025, the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and IIT Delhi successfully demonstrated India’s first free-space quantum secure communication over a distance exceeding 1 km using quantum entanglement. The demonstration marks an important step in developing highly secure communication systems for defence, strategic communication, banking, and critical infrastructure. Key Achieve
BharatGen: Multilingual AI for Every Indian On 2nd June 2025, the Centre launched BharatGen, India’s first indigenously developed, government-funded, AI-based Multimodal Large Language Model (LLM) for Indian languages. The initiative aims to strengthen AI accessibility in Indian languages and promote inclusive digital innovation rooted in Indian values and ethics. What is BharatGen? Aspect Details Nature of the System A multilingual and
Hybrid Stochastic Computing In a global first, China has recently begun large-scale deployment of non-binary AI chips developed using a novel Hybrid Stochastic Number (HSN) computing method. The technology aims to improve AI hardware efficiency by combining the strengths of binary and stochastic computing approaches. What’s Special about Hybrid Stochastic Computing? Computing Method Description Key Characteristic Binary Logic Tradit
‘Project Suncatcher’ On 6th November 2025, Google revealed Project Suncatcher, an ambitious research initiative exploring the creation of solar-powered, satellite-based AI data centres in orbit, marking a major shift toward off-planet computing infrastructure. The project seeks to combine artificial intelligence infrastructure, space technology, and clean-energy innovation to address the growing energy demands of modern AI systems. Why Project Suncatcher is Importa
Voice over Wi-Fi (VoWiFi) Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) has launched Voice over Wi-Fi (VoWiFi) services nationwide to improve call connectivity for users facing weak or inconsistent mobile network coverage. The service is expected to strengthen telecom accessibility, especially in indoor locations and areas with poor cellular signal strength. What is Voice over Wi-Fi (VoWiFi)? Aspect Details Full Form VoWiFi stands for Voice over Wi-Fi.
India-France Joint Defence Venture On 24th November 2025, Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) and France’s Safran Electronics & Defence (SED) signed a Joint Venture Cooperation Agreement (JVCA) to locally produce the HAMMER precision-guided air-to-ground weapon system in India. The agreement strengthens India-France defence industrial cooperation and supports India’s push toward defence indigenisation and advanced military manufacturing. India-France Defence Indus
India to Procure 26 Rafale-Marine Fighter Jets India has signed an agreement with France to procure 26 Rafale-Marine fighter jets for the Indian Navy, valued at approximately Rs. 63,000 crore. These jets will primarily operate from India’s indigenous aircraft carrier, INS Vikrant, strengthening the Navy’s carrier-based aviation capability. About the Rafale-Marine Deal Aspect Details Total Aircraft India will procure 26 Rafale-Mari
India’s Landmark Rafale Deal India’s Ministry of Defence (MoD) has cleared a massive Rs. 3.25 trillion proposal for the procurement of 114 Rafale fighter jets to address the Indian Air Force’s critical fighter squadron shortage. The acquisition is intended to modernise the IAF’s combat fleet, replace ageing Soviet-era aircraft, and strengthen India’s air power against regional security challenges from China and Pakistan. Why the Deal is Important
DRDO’s Long-Duration Scramjet Test On 9th January 2026, the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) achieved a major breakthrough in hypersonic missile technology by successfully conducting a long-duration ground test of its Actively Cooled Scramjet Full-Scale Combustor. The test demonstrates India’s growing capability in advanced propulsion systems needed for sustained hypersonic flight and next-generation missile technologies. Why is this Important?
Dhruv-NG Helicopter On 30th December 2025, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) successfully completed the inaugural flight of the Dhruv New Generation (Dhruv-NG) helicopter in Bengaluru, marking an important step toward its induction into the civil aviation market. The achievement highlights India’s growing capability in indigenous helicopter development and aerospace manufacturing. Key Developments Aspect Details Inaugural Flight HAL s
ERASR Anti-Submarine Rocket The successful user trials of the indigenous Extended Range Anti-Submarine Rocket (ERASR) were conducted from INS Kavaratti, a frontline warship of the Indian Navy. Following the successful trials, the Indian Navy is expected to induct the ERASR system to strengthen India’s anti-submarine warfare capability. Significance of ERASR Area Details Indigenous Development ERASR is an indigenously developed anti-subm
Astra BVR Missile On 11th July 2025, India successfully test fired the Astra Beyond Visual Range Air-to-Air Missile from a Su-30 Mk-I aircraft off the coast of Odisha. Astra is India’s first indigenous Beyond Visual Range Air-to-Air Missile (BVRAAM), designed to engage and destroy highly manoeuvrable supersonic aerial targets. Key Details of Astra Missile Aspect Details Missile Type India’s first indigenous Beyond Visual Range Air
ASW Drones In March 2025, Indian firm Sagar Defence Engineering and Liquid Robotics, a Boeing subsidiary, signed an MoU to co-develop autonomous surface vessels for Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW). The initiative aims to strengthen maritime security and improve Undersea Domain Awareness (UDA) across the Indo-Pacific region. Key Features of the Partnership Aspect Details Main Objective Co-development of autonomous surface vessels for Anti-Submari
Naval Anti-Ship Missile (NASM-SR) On 25th February 2025, the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and the Indian Navy successfully conducted flight trials of the Naval Anti-Ship Missile-Short Range (NASM-SR). The successful trials demonstrated advanced targeting, guidance, and retargeting capabilities for modern naval warfare operations. Key Features of NASM-SR Feature Description Missile Type A short-range anti-ship missile d
Extended Range Anti-Submarine Rocket (ERASR) India conducted successful user trials of the Extended Range Anti-Submarine Rocket (ERASR) from INS Kavaratti. The ERASR is a state-of-the-art underwater weapon system developed indigenously by DRDO to target hostile submarines. Key Details of ERASR Aspect Details Full Form ERASR stands for Extended Range Anti-Submarine Rocket. Weapon Type A state-of-the-art underwater weapon system
Tejas LCA Mk1A Fighter Jet On 17th October 2025, the Defence Minister unveiled the first Tejas LCA Mk1A fighter jet from Hindustan Aeronautics Limited’s (HAL) new Nashik production line. A second production line for the HTT-40 trainer aircraft was also inaugurated at the same facility. Key Details of the Nashik Production Facility Aspect Details Production Facility HAL’s new production line located in Nashik. Productio
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