Cyclone Sitrang

Cyclone Sitrang impacted Bangladesh by slamming into low-lying, highly inhabited areas.
The first tropical cyclone of the 2022 post-monsoon season, Sitrang, was given its name by Thailand.
The last storm to hit the Bay of Bengal in October in 2018 was Titli.

What are the Tropical Cyclones?

A tropical cyclone is a powerful circular storm with low air pressure, strong winds, and heavy rain that develops over warm tropical waters.
The eye, a center region with clear skies, warm temperatures, and low air pressure, is a defining characteristic of tropical cyclones.
Typhoons in Southeast Asia and China are equivalent to hurricanes in the North Atlantic and eastern Pacific. In the southwest Pacific and Indian Ocean region, they are known as tropical cyclones, and in north-western Australia, they are known as Willy-willies.
In the northern hemisphere, storms move counterclockwise, while in the southern hemisphere, they move clockwise.

Tropical storms can form and intensify under the following conditions:

a sizable sea surface that is warmer than 27 °C.
the Coriolis force is present.
The vertical wind speed varies very slightly.
a weak low-pressure area or low-level cyclonic circulation that already exists.
system of upper divergence above sea level

What Causes Tropical Cyclones to Form?

Three stages can be used to categorize the tropical cyclone development cycle:

Stage of Formation and Early Development:

A cyclonic storm forms and begins to develop when heat and water vapour from the warm ocean are transferred to the air above it, mostly by evaporation from the sea surface.

Mature Stage:

Due to convection and condensation of rising air above the ocean's surface, it facilitates the creation of large vertical cumulus clouds.
The air rises in ferocious thunderstorms at the mature stage of a tropical cyclone and tends to spread out horizontally at the tropopause level. Air moves downward more quickly due to convection once it has spread out, which creates a positive pressure at very high altitudes.
When subsidence is induced, air warms up through compression, creating a heated "Eye" (low pressure centre). A concentric pattern of extremely turbulent huge cumulus thundercloud bands is the defining physical characteristic of a mature tropical cyclone in the Indian Ocean.

Modification and Decay:

A tropical cyclone starts to lose strength as soon as its source of warm, moist air starts to wane or is suddenly cut off, as measured by its central low pressure, internal heat, and extremely fast speeds.

Source: The Hindu

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