Essequibo region (Geo-Mapping)

Recently, the U.N. Security Council scheduled an emergency closed meeting at the request of Guyana following Venezuela’s weekend referendum claiming Essequibo region.

Geography – It a 61,600-square-mile area located in the heart of the Guiana Shield, a geographical region in the northeast of South America.

It accounts for two-thirds of Guyana.
The area is one of the 4 last pristine tropical forests in the world.

Economical value – It has vast oil and mineral resources.With these resources, Guyana is set to surpass the oil production of Venezuela, and by 2025, it would become the world’s largest per-capita crude producer.

Currently, Venezuela has the world’s largest proven oil reserves.

History of contention – It is a disputed territory between Guyana and Venezuela.

1899 arbitration demarcated their boundaries which was formally accepted in 1905 agreement.
While Venezuela challenged the 1899 arbitration in 1962, the 1966 Geneva Agreement aimed at maintaining the status quo.

Recent contention – Through referendum, Venezuelans approved the claim of sovereignty over Essequibo and were about to immediately begin exploration in the disputed region.

International response – Guyana approached the International Court of Justice (ICJ) which refused to ban the referendum but urged Venezuela not to alter the status quo.

Under Article 94 of the U.N. Charter, if any party to a case fails to perform its required obligations, the other party (in this case Guyana) may take the issue to the Security Council.

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