Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (HS)

Recently, ten blackbucks died in the Jamshedpur Zoological Park, Jharkhand, due to suspected Haemorrhagic Septicaemia, raising concerns about wildlife disease management and zoonotic surveillance.

About Haemorrhagic Septicaemia

Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (HS) is also known as Pasteurellosis.
It is a bacterial disease caused by specific serotypes of Pasteurella multocida.
The two most important serotypes associated with the disease are:
- Type B:2 – prevalent in Asia
- Type E:2 – prevalent in Africa
The disease is geographically restricted to parts of Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and southern Europe.
HS is primarily a major disease of cattle and buffaloes, though it can also affect wild animals such as blackbucks.

Nature and Susceptibility

The disease is characterized by acute, highly fatal septicaemia, with high morbidity and mortality.
Young animals and young adults are more susceptible than older animals.
The causative bacteria survive longer in humid and waterlogged conditions, increasing outbreak risk during monsoon seasons.

Transmission

Transmission occurs through:
- Ingestion or inhalation of the bacteria
- Direct contact with infected animals
- Indirect transmission (fomites) such as contaminated feed, water, or equipment

Symptoms of Haemorrhagic Septicaemia

Sudden onset of high fever and dullness
Loss of appetite and excessive salivation
Rapidly developing swelling, especially around:
- Throat
- Brisket
- Dewlap
- Head (in some cases)
Death may occur quickly if untreated.

Treatment and Prevention

Vaccines are available and are the most effective preventive measure.
Early antimicrobial treatment, administered intravenously soon after onset, can significantly reduce mortality.
Preventive strategies include:
- Timely vaccination
- Improved sanitation
- Avoidance of overcrowding
- Proper water and feed managemen

Source: INDIAN EXPRESS

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