National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) Report

The "Accidental Deaths & Suicides in India Report 2021" was just released by the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB).

The report included statistics for "crime rates," "suicide," and "crime against women."

Report’s findings for Crime Against Women

• National Statistics: The number of incidences of crime against women (per 1 lakh people) grew from 56.5% in 2020 to 64.5% in 2021.
• 31.8%: Abuse by the husband or his family members
• assault on women with the intent to offend her modesty (20.8%)
• Kidnapping and abduction, 17.6%
• 7.40%: Rape

• State: In 2021, Assam had the highest rate of crimes against women (168.3%), followed by Odisha, Haryana, Telangana, and Rajasthan.
• While the three other states (Odisha, Haryana, and Telangana) saw increases, Rajasthan only slightly decreased the actual number of cases.
• UP is at the top of the list in terms of the actual number of cases filed in 2021, followed by Rajasthan, Maharashtra, West Bengal, and Odisha.
• Nagaland stood out because it had the fewest reported offences against women during the previous three years.
• Union Territories: With a 147.6% rate, Delhi had the highest percentage of crime against women in the Union Territories in 2021.
• Cities: Lucknow, Delhi, Indore, and Jaipur had the highest rates, with a combined total of almost 194%.
• The lowest rates were found in Chennai and Coimbatore (both in Chennai).
• In terms of population among these cities, Delhi came in first in 2021 (13,892), then Mumbai, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, and Hyderabad.
• Domestic Violence & Dowry Deaths: Throughout 2021, 507 cases—or 0.1% of all crimes against women—were reported in the nation under the Domestic Violence Act.
• A total of 270 cases were submitted, with Kerala having the most.
• In 2021, 6,589 incidences of dowry deaths were reported, with UP and Bihar recording the highest number.

Report’s findings for Suicide Rate:

Daily Wage:

• With 42,004 suicides (25.6%), daily wage earners continued to be the top profession among suicide victims in 2021.
• For the first time, the percentage of daily wagers involving suicide has surpassed the quarter-mile level.
• From 2020 to 2021, there was a 7.17% increase in suicides on a nationwide scale.
• However, the daily salary group experienced an 11.52% increase in suicides over this time.
• Farming Sector: In total, 6.6% of all suicides that were registered in 2021 included "Persons employed in the farming sector."

Profession-Based Distribution:

• "Self-employed persons" saw the largest growth, at 16.73%.
• The only group to have a decrease in suicides was "unemployed persons," with the number falling by 12.38% from 15,652 in 2020 to 13,714 in 2021.

Suicide causes include:

• 33.2 per cent: Family Issues (other than marriage-related problems)
• 4.8%: Problems in marriage
• 8.4%: Health

State:

• The state with the highest recorded suicide rate in 2021 was Maharashtra, followed by Tamil Nadu and Madhya Pradesh.
• In 2021, Maharashtra was responsible for 13.5% of all suicides reported nationwide.
• Delhi recorded the highest number of 2,840 suicides,

Report’s findings for Crime Rates

• In India in 2021, reported violent crimes such rape, kidnapping, crimes against children, and robbery rose once more.
• Restrictions related to the pandemic resulted in a decrease in these serious offences in 2020.
• Even in 2020, murder rates did not decline; they rose again last year.

Crime-related data:

• Cases of rape increased by 13%. (28,046 in 2020)
• With a rate of 16.4% and the most actual instances (6,337), Rajasthan had the highest rate of rape in 2021.
• Crime of kidnapping: up 20% (84,805 in 2020)
• Murder: From 29,193 cases in 2020 to 29,272 cases in 2021
• The most murders were committed in Uttar Pradesh, followed by Bihar and Maharashtra.

Crime Against Children:

• After decreasing in 2020 as a result of Covid-related restrictions, crime against children has now surpassed pre-pandemic levels.
• 1.49 lakh of these cases were reported in 2021, an increase from 1.48 lakh in 2019.
• Sikkim, Kerala, Meghalaya, Haryana, and Mizoram are the states with the highest rates of sexual offences against minors.

Violations of COVID-19 Dips:

• The dramatic fall in cases categorized as "disobedience to order validly published by a public worker" in 2021 is what can be used to explain the overall decline in crime that year (Section 188 of IPC).
• These cases were primarily filed due to COVID-19 rule violations. Additionally, they were included as "Other IPC Crimes" and "Other State Local Acts."

National Crime Records Bureau

• It was established in 1986 to serve as a database for data on crime and criminals.
• It was created in response to suggestions made by the MHA Taskforce and the Tandon Committee to the National Police Commission (1977–1981). (1985).
• In 2009, the Crime and Criminal Tracking Network & Systems (CCTNS) project were assigned to NCRB for monitoring, planning, and execution.
• This scheme links the nation's 6000 senior police offices with more than 15000 police stations.
• The National Digital Police Portal, which enables searches for criminals and suspects in the CCTNS database, was introduced by NCRB in August 2017.
• The National Database of Sexual Offenders (NDSO) maintenance and routine distribution to the States and UTs have also been delegated to the Bureau.

Functions

• The National Database of Sexual Offenders (NDSO) is kept up to date by the Bureau, which also regularly shares data with the States and UTs.
• Additionally, NCRB has been assigned the role of the Central Nodal Agency for managing the technical and administrative aspects of the "Online Cyber-Crime Reporting Portal," which allows any citizen to file a complaint or upload a video as proof of a crime involving child pornography or rape/gang rape.
• The NCRB has also been charged with carrying out the Inter-operable Criminal Justice System (ICJS).
• The main IT system used to deliver criminal justice in the nation is integrated through a nationwide platform called ICJS.
• The system's five pillars—Police (via Crime and Criminal Tracking and Network Systems), e-Forensics for Forensic Labs, e-Courts for Courts, e-Prosecution for Public Prosecutors, and e-Prisons for Prisons—seek to be integrated.

Also, Read - Standalone and non-standalone 5G networks