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GS-I : Modern History Personalities

04 January, 2023
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Savitribai Phule

Savitribai Phule

The 192nd birth anniversary of Savitribai Phule, India's first women teacher, occur on January 3, 2023.

About Savitribai Phule:

On January 3, 1831, Savitribai Phule was born in Naigaon, in the Satara district of Maharashtra.
She was the oldest child of Lakshmi and Khandoji Neveshe Patil, who were both of the Other Backward Caste (Mali) community (OBC).
She wed Jyotirao Phule when she was nine years old and he was thirteen.
Savitribai Phule died on 10 March 1897, while caring for a patient in the clinic she had opened for the treatment of those affected by the bubonic plague.

Principal Contributions:

There were few public schools in the 19th century that was "open to all," and there were even fewer missionary schools. In this time frame, in 1848, Jyotiba, then 21 years old, and Savitri, then 17 years old, founded a school for women.
She also completed a teacher training programme at Pune's Normal School.
After that, she began instructing young ladies in Maharwada, Pune.
The Phules were in charge of three schools in Pune by the end of 1851, serving about 150 female pupils. The teaching techniques used at private schools were thought to be superior to those at government schools, and soon more girls than boys were enrolled in Phule's schools.
Jyotiba and Savitri Bai fled their home in 1849 because their family thought their actions were against society.
Savitribai and Fatima Begum Sheikh met while staying with a friend's family, the Sheikhs.
Savitribai and Fatima Sheikh both attended normal School together, and they both graduated at the same time. She was India's first Muslim female teacher.
The Phule couple founded two educational trusts in the 1850s: The Society for Promoting the Education of Mahars, Mangs and Etceteras and the Native Female School, Pune. These trusts eventually housed numerous schools.
She encouraged the downtrodden communities to pursue education in order to free themselves from oppression in her poem, Go, Get Education.
Savitribai founded the Mahila Seva Mandal in 1852 to spread awareness of women's rights. All castes were invited to Savitribai's gathering of women, and everyone was supposed to sit on the same mattress.
Savitribai got active in relief efforts during the Maharashtra famine of 1896 and the bubonic plague of 1897.
Among other social issues, Savitribai Phule supported inter-caste marriages, widow remarriage, and the elimination of child marriage, sati, and dowry systems.
Social reformer: Savitribai and Jyotirao founded the Balhatya Pratibandhak Griha, or "Home for the Prevention of Infanticide," for pregnant widows who were subjected to prejudice

Source: The Indian Express

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