DAILY NEWS ANALYSIS
09 July, 2020
6 Min Read
UNFCCC
Part of: GS-III- Economy (PT-MAINS-PERSONALITY TEST)
The UNFCCC, signed in 1992 at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development also known as the Earth Summit, the Rio Summit or the Rio Conference. The UNFCCC entered into force on March 21, 1994, and has been ratified by 197 countries.
The WMO and UNEP established the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 1988, to assess the magnitude and timing of changes, estimate their impacts, present strategies for how to respond and to provide an authoritative source of up-to-date interdisciplinary knowledge on climate change.
Objective
Institutional Arrangements
The Conference of the Parties (COP)
Article 7.2 defines the COP as the “supreme body” of the Convention, as it is its highest decision-making authority. The climate change process revolves around the annual sessions of the COP.
COP President and Bureau
The office of the COP President normally rotates among the five United Nations regional groups. The President is usually the environment minister of his or her home country. S/he is elected by acclamation immediately after the opening of a COP session. Their role is to facilitate the work of the COP and promote agreements among Parties.
The work of the COP and each subsidiary body is guided by an elected Bureau. To ensure continuity, it serves not only during sessions, but between sessions as well.
Subsidiary Bodies (SBs)
The Convention establishes two permanent subsidiary bodies (SBs), namely the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA), by Article 9, and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI), by Article 10. These bodies advise the COP.
The SBSTA’s task is to provide the COP “with timely advice on scientific and technological matters relating to the Convention”. The SBI’s task is to assist the COP “in the assessment and review of the effective implementation of the Convention”
The Secretariat
The secretariat, also known as the Climate Change Secretariat, services the COP, the SBs, the Bureau and other bodies established by the COP.
Other Bodies
Other bodies have been set up by the COP to undertake specific tasks. These bodies report back to the COP when they complete their work
COP 1 established two ad hoc groups to conduct negotiations on specific issues.
COP 11 established the “Dialogue” to exchange experiences and analyse strategic approaches for long-term cooperative action to address climate change.
Timeline of Important Events |
|
1979 |
First World Climate Conference (WCC) |
1988 |
IPCC established |
1990 |
In November IPCC and second WCC call for global treaty on climate change and in December UN General Assembly Negotiations on a Framework Convention Begin. |
1992 |
The text of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is adopted at the United Nations Headquarters in New York. |
1994 |
UNFCCC enters into force |
1995 |
COP 1 (Berlin, Germany) |
1996 |
August
|
1997 |
COP 3 (Kyoto, Japan)
|
1998 |
Buenos Aires Plan of Action |
2001 |
COP 6-2(second part of 6th COP)
|
2001 |
COP 7 (Marrakesh, Morocco)
|
2002 |
COP 8 (New Delhi, India) Delhi Declaration. The Delhi Declaration focuses on the development needs of the poorest countries and the need for technology transfer for mitigating climate change. |
2005 |
(February 16) Entry of Kyoto Protocol into force with the Russian Federation ratification to the Kyoto Protocol, sealing its entry into force. |
2005 |
COP11/CMP1 (December)
|
2006 |
In January the Clean Development Mechanism, a key mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol, opens for business.
|
2007 |
COP13
|
2008 |
COP 14, Poznan (Poland)
|
2009 |
COP15 (Copenhagen)
|
2010 |
COP 16 (Cancun)
|
2011 |
COP 17 (Durban)
|
2012 |
COP18/CMP8 (Doha)
|
2013 |
COP19/CMP9 (Warsaw)
|
2015 |
COP 21 (Paris)
|
2016 |
COP22 (Marrakech)
|
2017 |
COP23, Bonn (Germany)
|
2018 |
COP 24, Katowice (Poland) |
2019 |
COP25, Madrid Spain (Earlier: Chile) |
2021 |
COP26, Glasgow, United Kingdom Organized by UK and Italy President Alok Sharma |
Shortcomings
Achievements
Source: WEB
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