Working of Electric Battery

Electric battery, as a portable sources of electric power are at the foundation of convenience and sustainability.

Electric cell – A device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy.

Components of Electric Cell

Electrode – It is a metal plates in the cell where cathode is the positively charged electrode, the one to which electrons arrive, while anode is the negatively charged electrode, which ‘supplies’ electrons.
Electrolyte – It is a liquid or gel that contains ions which allows the flow of electric charge between the electrodes.
Separator - It is a barrier that prevents the 2 electrodes from touching and shorting out the cell.
Wire – The 2 metal electrodes are connected by a wire.

Principle – It uses redox reactions to produce an electric current which is combination of both oxidation (release of electrons) and reduction (consumption of electrons) reaction.
Working – A voltaic, or galvanic cell consists of 2 half-cells where each half-cell is made of a metal electrode immersed in an electrolyte of that metal.
- For example, a zinc electrode in zinc sulphate and a copper electrode in copper sulphate.

The zinc oxidises at the anode, releases 2 electrons into the electrode and Zn2+ ions goes into the electrolyte.
Copper ions (Cu2+) from the copper sulphate deposit onto the cathode, which now requires 2 electrons thus copper reduces at the cathode.
So, the wire connecting the electrodes transports 2 electrons from anode to cathode.
An external circuit connected to the wire can draw the electron flow for various applications.

An electric battery is a combination of electric cells.

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