calcium carbide

The recent calcium carbide-related incident in Bhopal, where over 60 people, primarily children, were hospitalized due to injuries from makeshift "calcium carbide guns" during Diwali celebrations, has highlighted the hazardous nature of this substance and its misuse in the community.

About Calcium Carbide:

Chemical Formula: CaC?.
Appearance: It is a grayish-black lump or crystalline powder with a garlic-like odor.
Manufacturing: Calcium carbide is produced by heating a mixture of lime (CaO) and carbon (such as coke) at 2000 to 2100°C in an electric arc furnace.

Uses of Calcium Carbide:

Acetylene Production: It is primarily used to produce acetylene gas, which is made by reacting calcium carbide with water. Acetylene is an important industrial gas used for welding, cutting, and as a chemical building block.
Artificial Ripening of Fruits: In some countries, calcium carbide is misused as an artificial ripening agent for fruits. This practice is illegal in many regions, including India, due to its harmful health effects.
Steel Manufacturing: Calcium carbide is also used in steelmaking, as a reducing agent, and for metal cutting in industrial applications.

Health Risks of Calcium Carbide:

Health Hazards: Handling calcium carbide can lead to serious health issues such as:
- Dizziness, weakness, and difficulty swallowing.
- Irritation of the skin and eyes.
- Frequent thirst, vomiting, and skin ulcers.
Acetylene Gas: When calcium carbide reacts with water, it produces acetylene gas, which is extremely flammable and can be hazardous to those exposed to it.
Contamination: If calcium carbide is used for artificial ripening, it can leave behind arsenic and phosphorus residues on the fruit, both of which are toxic substances. This makes the fruit unsafe to consume.

Regulations:

Banned Uses: Under the Prevention of Food Adulteration Rules, 1955, and the Food Safety and Standards (Prohibition and Restrictions on Sales) Regulations, 2011, the use of calcium carbide as a fruit ripening agent is banned.
Public Safety Concerns: The recent injuries in Bhopal, caused by makeshift calcium carbide guns used in Diwali celebrations, highlight the dangers of misuse in fireworks and other recreational activities.

Source: PIB

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