Minerals &

Associated Industries

Reserves

Mines

Production (India & World)

Iron

• Core Industry

• Haematite:80% in Eastern Sector. OD(34%)>JH(23%)>CG(22%)>KA(11%)>GOA(5%)OD: Gurumahisani, Mayurbhanj, Badamphar, Keonjhar,Sundargar,

JH: Singhbhum, Noamundi, Daltonganj, CG: Bailadila,Bastar, Dalli-Rajhara.

• Magnetite:93% in Southern

KA(72%)>AP(13%)>RJ(6%)> TN(5%)>GOA(2%).

KA: Bellary-Hospet, chitradurg,BabaBudanHill, Kudremukh.

AP: Guntur, Nellore, Kurnool.

• Limonite: UK:Raniganj, UP:Mirzapur, HP:KangraValley.
• Siderite: Inferior quality iron ore (<40% Iron Content).

• India has become the world’s 2nd largest producer of crude steel in jan-dec2019.
• OD(55%)>CG(17%)> Ka(14%).
• Australia (30.83%)>China (26.12%)>Brazil (15.74%)>India (7%)>Russia (3.28%).

Manganese

• Steel, Bleaching powder, Insecticides

• OD(44%)>KA(22%)>MP(13%)>MH,GOA(7%).
• 2^nd in world reserves, after Zimbabwe.
• MH:Nagpur,Ratnagiri, MP:Balaghat,Chindwara, AP: Vizag,Srikakulam, Cuddapah

KA:Uttarkannada,Shimoga,Bellary,Chitradurg, Tumkuru.

• 5^th in world production
• MP(33%)>MH(27%)>OD(16%)

Chromite

• Alloying metal, in metallurgical and Chemical industries.
• Manufacture of rails, automobiles, armour plates, armour piercing projectiles.

• 96% of chromite reserves in INDIA is in OD.
• OD: Jajpur, Kendujhar & Dhenkanal districts.
• Rest in MN,NL.
• 3^rd in world(18%).
• Kazhakhastan(40%)> S.Africa (35%) .

• OD-major producer(99%).
• South Africa is the largest producer followed by Kazakhstan, Turkey.
• India- 4^th in global ferrochrome production.

Copper

• Used in Electric machinery, space, automobiles, defence, and telecom industries.
• Cu+Fe+Ni= stainless steel, Cu+Zn=brass, Cu+Sn=Bronze.

• RJ(54%)>JH(20%)> MP(19%)
• Chile(23%)>Australia & Peru (10% each)>Russia (7%)>Mexico & USA (6% each)

• MP(53%)>RJ(42%)>JH(4%)
• Chile produces largest(28%) >Peru(12%)

Nickel

• High resistance to heat, corrosion & oxidation.
• Stainless steel, Aerospace, Rocket industry

• Found in association with Chromite in Odisha, uranium deposits of Jaduguda.
• OD(93%)>JH>NL
• Indonesia(24%)>Australia(22%)>Brazil(12%)

• OD-major producer(99%)
• Indonesia (23%)> Phillippines (15%)> Russia+ New Caledonia (10% each), Canada (8%), Australia (7%)

Lead & Zinc

• Both occur together in ore.
• Pb-acid storage batteries
• Zn- Galvanising

• Pb-Zn Ore: RJ(90%), AP(3%),MP(2%)
• Mines: Rampura-Agucha of Bhilwara, Zawar of Udaipur, Others at Rajasamand,Ajmer.
• Pb: Australia(40%), China (20%), Russia & Peru (7%)each.
• Zn: Australia(27%)>China (18%), Russia & Mexico (9%).

• RJ-major producer(99%)
• Pb: China(48%)> Australia (9%)>Peru (6%). India(4%)-5^th in production
• Zn: China(31%)> Peru(11%). India(5%)-4^th in production

Tungsten

• Ordnance, Hard cutting tools, bulb filaments, paints, ceramics, textile

• KA(42%), RJ(27%), AP (17%) and MH(9%).
• Mines: RJ-Degana, sirohi, WB-Bankura, MH-Sakoli basin of Bhandara District and Nagpur
• China (59%)>Russia (7%)>Vietnam (3%)

• KA>RJ>AP
• China was the leading producer (78%) followed by Vietnam (7%) and Russia

Bauxite

• Aluminium metal extraction

• OD(51%)>AP(16%)> GJ(9%).
• Mines: OD-Panchpatmali, CG-surguja, MP-Shahdol.
• Guinea(25%)>Australia (20%)>Vietnam(12%)

• OD(65%), AP,GJ.
• Australia(29%)>China(19%)>

Guinea (18%).

• India(7%)-5^th in production

Gold

• Ornaments and Electronics

• BH(44%)>RJ(25%)> KA(21%)>WB(3%)>AP (3%).
• Ka:Hutti and HiraBuddini in Raichur district. JH:Singhbum,

AP:Kurnool District.

• Australia>Russia>S.Africa>USA

• KA(99%),JH
• China(12%)> Australia (9%), Russia (8%), USA (6%), Canada (5%)

Silver

• Highest electrical conductivity amongst all metals.
• Used in printed electric circuits, coating for e-conductors in alloys of gold & copper for electrical contacts, solar cells

• RJ(87%)>JH(5%)>AP(3%)
• Barak deposit in Rajasthan
• Peru(21%)>Poland (18%)>Australia(16%)>Russia (8%)>China & Mexico(7% each), Chile(5%).

• Mexico, Peru, China, Australia, Russia, Chile and Poland are the main producers of silver.

Mica

• High Insulation
• Used in Electrical and Electronics industry, navigation compasses, optical instruments.

• AP(41%) followed by RJ(28%)>OD(17%)> MH(13%).
• AP: Nellore, Visakhapatnam,

RJ: Jaipur to Udaipur to bhilwara.

• Brazil, India and Madagascar.

• India has near monopoly in Mica Production

Limestone

• Paper mills,sugar, fertilizer, cement,steel, Bleaching powder, fuel-gas desulphurisation, Sculpture making

• KA(27%), AP & RJ(12% each), GJ (10%), Ml(9%), TL (8%)
• Mines- AP:Kurnool,

TL:Adilabad,

CG:Raipur, Durg KA:Kalburgi,

RJ: Nagaur,Bundi, Jaipur

• RJ(20%)>MP(13%)>AP(11%)
• India-2^nd after China in cement production.

Dolomite

• Lime stone with more than 10% Mg is called dolomite.
• Its used as a flux in iron& steel, ferro-alloys and glass works

• 88% resources is found distributed in eight States, namely.
• MP(27%)>AP(15%)> CG(11%)>OD(10%), KA&RJ(7% each)>GJ (6%) and MH (5%)

• AP>GJ>TL>MH>RJ>KA

Asbestos

• Cement, heat insulation and treatment of acids

• RJ(59%)>KA(36%)
• Mines: RJ-Ajmer, Bhilwara,Pali,UdaipurKA-Chikmanglur,Hassan Mysore

AP-Cuddapah,pulivendula, JH-Singhbum

• No production of asbestos was reported in 2017-19.
• India imports from Russia, Kazakhstan, Brazil and China

Diamonds

• High refractive index
• Ornaments, Gemcutting

• MP(90%)>AP(6%)> CG(4%)
• Mines: AP: Anantapur, Kadapa, Guntur, Krishna, TL: Mahabubnagar and Kurnool, MP:Panna, CG:Bastar