R&D Statistics and Indicators

Part of: GS-III- Economy (PT-MAINS-PERSONALITY TEST)

According to the Research & Development (R&D) Statistics and Indicators 2019-20 report, India’s gross expenditure on R&D has tripled between 2008 & 2018 and scientific publications have risen to place the country internationally among the top few.

The R&D Statistics and Indicators 2019-20 is based on the national S&T survey 2018 brought out by the National Science and Technology Management Information (NSTMIS).
The report on R&D indicators for the nation is an important document for the
- Evidence-based policymaking and planning in higher education,
- R&D activities and support,
- Intellectual property,
- Industrial competitiveness.

Findings of the Report

According to the report, R&D is driven mainly by the government sector.
Expenditure on R&D:
- The Gross Expenditure on R&D (GERD) of India nearly tripled between 2007- 08 to 2017-18.
- India’s per capita R&D expenditure has also increased by 1.5 times.
- Increase in Extramural R&D support by central Science & Technology agencies.
  - Women participation in extramural R&D projects has also increased significantly to 24% in 2016-17 from 13% in 2000-01.
  - These extramural expenditures are the expenditures on R&D that is performed abroad but financed by domestic institutions.
- India spent 0.7% of its GDP on R&D in 2017-18, While the same among other developing BRICS countries was Brazil 1.3%, Russian Federation 1.1%, China 2.1% and South Africa 0.8%.
Researchers and scientific publications:
- The number of researchers per million populations has doubled since 2000.
- India occupies 3^rd rank in terms of number of Ph.D awarded in Science and Engineering (S&E) after USA and China.
- India is placed 3^rd among countries in scientific publication as per NSF database.
Patent filing:
- India is ranked at 9^th position in terms of Resident Patent Filing activity in the world.
  - During 2017-18 out of total patents filed in India, 32% patents were filed by Indian residents.
  - Patent applications filed in India are dominated by disciplines like Mechanical, Chemical, Computer/Electronics, and Communication.
According to the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO), India’s Patent Office stands at the 7^th position among the top 10 Patent Filing Offices in the world.

National Science and Technology Management Information

The National Science and Technology Management Information System (NSTMIS) is a division of the Department of Science and Technology (DST).
It has been entrusted with the task of building the information base on a continuous basis on resources devoted to scientific and technological activities for policy planning in the country.

Source: PIB

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