Economic Survey 2023-24 acknowledged the concept of reverse flipping and this trend has been gaining attention in the recent years.

What is reverse flipping?

• Flipping- The process of transferring the entire ownership of an Indian company to an overseas entity, accompanied by a transfer of intellectual property rights and data owned by the Indian company.
• It transforms an Indian company into a 100% subsidiary of a foreign entity, with the founders and investors retaining the same ownership via the foreign entity, having swapped all shares.
• The Foreign Exchange Management (Overseas Investment) Rules and Regulations, 2022 clarify that the flipping culture has been acknowledged by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
• Reasons for flipping
  • Taxation benefits
  • Ease of setting up in places like Singapore, the US
  • Ease of attracting foreign capital

• Reverse flipping - It is the trend of overseas start-ups shifting their domicile to India and listing on Indian stock exchanges.
• Reasons for reverse flipping to India
  • India’s favourable economic policies (tax breaks, funding assistance)
  • Expanding domestic market
  • Growing investor confidence in the country's start-up ecosystem
  • Institutional support (International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA) has constituted an expert committee to formulate a roadmap to ‘Onshore the Indian innovation to GIFT IFSC’)

How significant is the reverse flipping scenario for India?

• Start-up hub- Reverse flipping underscores the belief in India’s potential as a global start-up hub.
• Ease of doing business- Reverse flipping is due to access to deeper pools of venture capital, favourable tax regimes, better intellectual property protection and favourable government policies.
• India’s economic growth- India is the world’s 5^th largest economy by GDP and is expected to become the 3^rd largest economy by 2030.
• This presents a significant opportunity for overseas start-ups looking to expand into new market.
• Skill capital- As per ILO, India has the world’s largest youth population with 66% of the population under the age of 35 making India an attractive market for a skilled and talented workforce.
• Effective corporate governance- The listing process on the Indian stock exchange is relatively cost-effective making it an attractive option for overseas start-ups with limited sources.
• Consumerism- The overseas start-ups can tap into growing Indian consumer market as they have brand recognition and goodwill in India, a competitive advantage over Indian start-ups.
• Expansion- Overseas start-ups can find synergies with Indian companies leading to partnerships, joint ventures, and acquisitions which help them to expand their reach in India.

How to accelerate the reverse flipping?

The Economic Survey 2023-24 has suggested the following measures.

• Simplifying multiple layers of tax and uncertainty due to tax litigation
• Simplifying procedures for capital flows. Many countries such as US and Singapore, have easier corporate laws with lesser restrictions on the inflow and outflow of capital
• Facilitating improved partnerships with private entities to develop best practices and state-of-the-art start-up mentorship platforms
• Exploring the incubation and funding landscape for start-ups in emerging fields like social innovation and impact investment

Reverse-flipping

According to the Economic Survey 2022–23, Indian start–up businesses are considering "reverse flipping."

What is reversing a flip?

• Flipping is the process of giving a foreign corporation complete ownership of an Indian business.
• Every piece of intellectual property and data that belongs to an Indian company is often transferred along with it.
• Reverse flipping is the process of moving a company's domicile back to India after an earlier flip.
• Due to easy access to finance from private equity and venture capital, modifications to the round-tripping laws, and the maturing of India's capital market, businesses reversal flip.

Why do businesses fail?

• Flipping occurs in the early stages of enterprises and is motivated by financial, tax, and personal preferences of investors and founders. Some businesses choose to "flip" because their primary market for their product is abroad. Investor preferences, such as proximity to incubators, might cause businesses to "flip" when they insisted on a specific location.
• For simple access to financing from venture capital and private equity, modifications to the round-tripping rules, and the maturing of India's capital market.