Sahariya Tribe

Recent research has revealed a possible genetic link associated with the unusually high rate of tuberculosis (TB) among the Sahariya tribe of central India.
This discovery helps understand the health vulnerabilities of this tribal group and may guide future healthcare interventions.

About the Sahariya Tribe

The Sahariya tribe is classified as one of India’s Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTG) — meaning they are among the most disadvantaged and vulnerable communities.
According to Census 2011, their population is around six lakh (600,000).
They are primarily found in the states of Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and scattered in a few other states.

Living Conditions and Social Structure

The Sahariyas are also known by various names such as Seher, Sair, Savar, Saonar, Sahra.
They generally live in distinct settlements called ‘Seharana’, which are clusters of houses set apart from non-Sahariya village members.
Houses are typically constructed with stone boulders and roofing made of stone slabs (Patore); some use mud structures.
Strong ties to the caste system exist in the villages, with people of the same caste living close to each other.
They usually live in small joint families.

Language and Religion

The tribe has lost its original language and now speaks the local dialects of the regions they inhabit.
They practice traditional ethnic religions but also incorporate Hindu values into their identity.
The Saharia Swang is a famous traditional dance performed during Holi, featuring:
- Music from instruments like dhol, nagari, and matki.
- A male performer dressed as a female dancing around male performers.

Livelihood and Economy

The Sahariyas are mainly forest dwellers living in remote areas.
Their livelihood includes:
- Collection of forest produce.
- Small-scale cultivation of land.
- Working as landless laborers.
- Skilled production of catechu from khair trees.
Seasonal migration is common to supplement their limited income.

Health Concerns and TB

The tribe has a high prevalence of tuberculosis (TB).
The recent genetic study suggests that genetic factors may contribute to this high TB rate, apart from socioeconomic and environmental factors.
Understanding these genetic links can help develop targeted healthcare interventions and improve disease management in the community.

Source: INDIAN EXPRESS

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