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Rights of Minority Institutes, not Absolute
Part of: GS-II- Indian polity and SC judgement (PT-MAINS-PERSONALITY TEST)
Recently, the Supreme Court of India gave its judgement on the admission criteria of minority institutions. It held that National Eligibility-cum-Entrance Test (NEET) is mandatory for admission to all medical colleges and the right of minority institutions is not absolute and is amenable to regulation.
Background:
Few colleges
Impeachment of an SC judge
Recently four Supreme Court judges went public with charges against the Chief Justice of India. According to the constitution, a judge of the SC can be removed from his office by an order of the president. The president can issue the removal order only after an address by parliament has been presented to him in the same session for such removal.
The address must be supported by a special majority of each house of the parliament (i.e. a majority of the total
Plea unilaterally listed by SC official
Context:
Noted civil rights lawyer Prashant Bhushan has approached the Supreme Court for a declaration that a defective contempt petition against him was unilaterally listed by the court’s Secretary General for judicial hearing before a Bench led by Justice Arun Mishra.
News:
The contempt petition was filed by Mahek Maheshwari against Mr. Bhushan’s tweet on a photograph of Chief Justice of India Sharad A. Bobde on a motorbik
The subject of contempt of court
Context
Contempt proceedings have been initiated by the Supreme Court of India, on its own motion, against advocate-activist Prashant Bhushan.
Contempt of Court:
Contempt of court, is the offence of being disobedient to or disrespectful towards a court of law and its officers in the form of behaviour that opposes or defies the authority, justice and dignity of the court.
Contempt of court, as a concept, seeks to protect judicial institutions
Court’s drift and chinks in the judiciary’s armour
Context:
Recent past fortnight has seen two significant developments in connection with the Indian judiciary: the first was the decision of the Supreme Court of India in the matter of Prashant Bhushan’s contempt case, and the second was the retirement of Justice Arun Mishra.
These events, in their own way, magnify the chinks in the armour of the Supreme Court.
About Executive court:
An Executive court is a
HC has virtually taken over executive function: A.P Govt to SC
Andhra Pradesh government recently told the Supreme Court that Andhra Pradesh High Court has “virtually taken over the executive functions of the State”.
What’s the issue?
State government says that the High Court had “seriously violated the doctrine of Separation of Powers”.
Besides, in doing so, the High Court has completely ignored the warning that the Supreme Court has, time and again,
Andhra Pradesh: Executive vs Judiciary
What is the issue?
Andhra Pradesh CM wrote to the Chief Justice of India alleging that some High Court judges are hostile to his government and are deliberately striking down his regime’s decisions and orders.
In effect, he has accused many judges of misconduct, corruption and political bias. Such an open conflict between the judiciary and a Chief Minister is without precedent. In view of the above, the CM urged the CJI to consider initia
Judicial reforms of India: Bail reforms
Discussions on bail reform usually arise when exceptional cases capture public attention.
However, bail reform must begin by addressing two key facets of the criminal justice system: judicial discretion and monetary surety bonds.
Judicial discretion
The power to grant bail is a discretionary power vested in judges and it is meant to be exercised liberally.
The Supreme Court has consistently reiterated that “bail is the rul
Supreme Court- Demand for a Southern bench by Bar Council
Introduction
West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee asked why India should have only one capital and suggested that there be four.
She suggested that Parliament sessions should be held in each of the four capitals in a rotating manner.
A plan the nation cannot afford
Four capitals would obviously mean having Parliament buildings in three other regions, too.
If there are four capitals, accommodation for all t
NV Ramanna to be the next Chief Justice of India
The current Chief Justice of India(CJI) has recommended Justice N.V. Ramana, the senior-most judge of the Supreme Court as the next CJI.
About Chief Justice of India(CJI):
The Chief Justice of India is the chief judge of the Supreme Court of India. He/she is also the highest-ranking officer of the Indian judiciary.
Constitution on appointment of CJI:
The Constitution of India does not have any specific provision for criteria and
SC's Verdict: People are Free to Choose Religion
The Supreme Court refused to entertain a PIL seeking directions to the Centre to ban black magic, superstition, and deceitful religious conversion.
What was the case filed?
A petition was filed in the Supreme Court seeking to control black magic, superstition & mass religious conversion of SC/STs. The petition also mentions the religious conversions through intimidation, threats & gifts.
The plea argued that such fo
The Collegium System
The Collegium System was introduced in response to executive interference in judicial appointments. However, this system has failed to protect judicial appointments from executive interference. It is due to the reasons like Post-retirement appointments of judges.
At present, the collegium comprises of CJI (Chief Justice of India) and 4 senior-most judges of the Supreme Court. Despite various criticisms and attempts to reform the appointments and transfers process, the
Appointment of Chief Justice of India (CJI)
Justice Dhananjaya Y Chandrachud was recently appointed as India's 50th Chief Justice.
He will serve for a period of two years before retiring on November 10, 2024.
Regarding Article 124
The procedure for appointing the CJI is not mentioned in the Indian Constitution.
The Constitution's Article 124 (1) simply states, "There shall be a Supreme Court of India consisting of a Chief Justice of India."
Accordin
In Context of
The Bar Council of India (BCI) recently approved the practise of foreign lawyers and law firms in India.
While they can advise clients on International Law and work on corporate transactions, it is done with an exception allowing them to appear in court.
About BCI Decision
Rules for Registration and Regulation of Foreign Attorneys and Foreign Law Firms in India, 2022, were recently announced by the Bar Council of India (BCI), allowing foreign lawyers an
Recently, the Supreme Court (SC) pulled up an Advocate-on-Record (AoR) for filing a frivolous case before the court.
AORs are a pool of elite Delhi-based lawyers whose legal practice is mostly before the SC but they can appear before other courts too.
Need for AORs – A lawyer with special qualifications, picked by the Supreme Court itself, is equipped to appear for a litigant as the SC is a court of the last opportunity for the litigant.
AoR is broadly based on the B
The Supreme Court (SC) recently held that a plain assertion of innocence or a promise to co-operate in the trial by an accused is no ground to grant bail in a case of a serious nature.
The SC also said the completion of investigation in a serious offence was not a default ground for bail.
The Chhattisgarh High Court recently acquitted a man of double murder charges on the grounds of legal insanity, underscoring the importance of mental state during criminal trials. This case brings attention to the defense of legal insanity in criminal law, which can excuse individuals from criminal responsibility if they are proven to be mentally unfit at the time of committing a crime.
What is Legal Insanity?
Legal insanity is a legal defense that can be used in criminal cases when a
India's judiciary is grappling with an overwhelming backlog of over 5 crore cases, which has severely impacted the justice delivery system. This backlog spans across the Supreme Court, High Courts, and District Courts, affecting governance and eroding public trust in the legal system.
Key Statistics on Judicial Pendency in India
Total Pending Cases: As of mid-2025, more than 5 crore cases are pending in Indian courts.
District Courts: Handle the bulk of the cases,
The Fast Track Special Courts (FTSCs) Scheme, which was introduced by the Ministry of Law & Justice under the Nirbhaya Fund, is an initiative aimed at expediting the trial of rape and child sexual abuse cases, particularly under the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012.
Key Features of the Fast Track Special Courts Scheme
Centrally Sponsored Scheme: The FTSCs are funded by the Nirbhaya Fund, which was established to enhance women’s safety and supp
In a landmark ruling, the Supreme Court of India struck down the Indian Army’s policy that limited the appointment of women officers to only the Judge Advocate General (JAG) branch and excluded women from serving in counter-insurgency or counter-terrorism operations. This decision is a critical step toward ensuring gender equality in the Indian Army and reflects the broader societal shift towards inclusivity and diversity in traditionally male-dominated fields.
Key Directives from t
The Fast Track Special Courts (FTSCs) Scheme, which was introduced by the Ministry of Law & Justice under the Nirbhaya Fund, is an initiative aimed at expediting the trial of rape and child sexual abuse cases, particularly under the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012.
Key Features of the Fast Track Special Courts Scheme
Centrally Sponsored Scheme: The FTSCs are funded by the Nirbhaya Fund, which was established to enhance women’s safety and supp
The Andhra Pradesh High Court recently made an important ruling regarding the doctrine of contributory negligence in criminal law. The court clarified that contributory negligence does not apply to criminal actions. In this case, a driver involved in an accident caused by rash and negligent driving, which led to the death of a person, was held liable under Section 304A of the IPC (causing death by negligence), even if there was some degree of negligence on the part of the victim.
This jud
The Supreme Court of India recently ruled that a State Government cannot invoke the doctrine of escheat under Section 29 of the Hindu Succession Act once a Hindu male has executed a Will that has been declared valid and has been granted probate by a court. This ruling clarifies the legal implications of escheat in the presence of a valid will.
About the Doctrine of Escheat
The doctrine of escheat is a significant legal principle ensuring that no property remains without ownership
Recently, a Supreme Court judge raised concerns about the increasing misuse of defamation laws by political figures and private individuals to settle personal and political disputes. The judge suggested the need to decriminalise defamation in order to prevent its misuse and safeguard freedom of speech.
What is Defamation?
Defamation is the act of making false statements about someone that damage their reputation. These statements can be made through spoken words (slander) or written/pu
The Public Trust Doctrine has recently been reaffirmed by the Supreme Court of India, which expanded its scope to include man-made or artificial waterbodies that serve ecological or environmental purposes. This extension reflects a growing recognition of the need to protect resources critical to the public good, whether natural or human-made.
What is the Public Trust Doctrine?
The Public Trust Doctrine is a legal principle asserting that certain natural and cultural resources must be p
Recently, the Delhi High Court has ruled that courts have the authority to exempt a property from the Doctrine of Lis Pendens in certain cases. This exemption is aimed at shielding genuine owners from vexatious lawsuits that could otherwise affect their property rights during the pendency of litigation. The court’s ruling highlights a significant aspect of property law, where it aims to balance legal protection with justice for bona fide owners.
About the Doctrine of Lis Pendens