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DAILY NEWS ANALYSIS
01 December, 2023
5 Min Read
Vector Borne diseases are the illness caused by the vectors. A vector is a carrier of the causative microbe for various diseases such as mosquitoes, ticks and fleas. The reproduction rates of vectors are influenced by climate and weather. Such diseases are widespread and found throughout the world.
More than 700,000 patients die of vector-borne diseases. The major vector-borne diseases constitute about 17% of the infectious diseases in the world. The poorest populations of the tropical and the sub-tropical regions are highly affected by such diseases. Malaria is perhaps the best-known vector-borne diseases in the world. Let us have a look at the different vectors and the diseases spread by them.
Types of Disease Vectors
Vectors |
Diseases |
Causative organisms |
Mosquitos |
Chikungunya |
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) |
Dengue |
Dengue virus (DENV) |
|
Zika fever |
Zika virus |
|
Yellow fever |
Yellow fever virus |
|
Filariasis |
Filarioidea |
|
Rift Valley fever |
Rift Valley Fever virus (RVFV) |
|
Malaria |
Plasmodium |
|
West Nile fever |
West Nile Virus |
|
Tse-tse Flies |
African trypanosomiasis |
Trypanosoma brucei |
Lice |
Typhus |
Rickettsia prowazekii |
Louse-borne relapsing fever |
Borrelia recurrentis |
|
Sandflies |
Leishmaniasis |
Leishmania |
Phlebotomus fever |
Phlebovirus |
|
Ticks |
Lyme disease |
Borrelia burgdorferi |
Tick-borne encephalitis |
Tick-borne encephalitis virus |
|
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever |
Nairovirus |
|
Relapsing fever |
Borrelia |
|
Rickettsial disease |
Rickettsia |
|
Tularaemia |
Francisella tularensis |
Vector-borne Diseases in India
Around 2 million malaria cases are recorded every year in India. Most of the rural areas in the country are prone to Malaria. The regions of Orrisa, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, and Chattisgarh have many cases of malariaevery year. The World Bank Supported Vector-borne disease Control Project to be implemented in most of the endemic states. It will help the Government to prevent and treat malaria in the poorest regions. This project uses advanced technologies and medicines for the prevention of Malaria.
Prevention of Vector-borne Diseases
Vector-Borne diseases can be prevented in the following ways:
National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme
The National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) is an umbrella organisation for the prevention and control of the following six vector borne diseases – malaria, chikungunya, Japanese encephalitis, dengue, kala – azar and lymphatic filariasis. The agency is headquartered in New Delhi, India. The directorate of the NVBDCP provides the states with cash and commodities to implement policies for curbing these diseases.
World Malaria Report 2023 According to World Malaria Report 2023, malaria cases continue to dip in India while it is increasing globally. Published by – World Health Organisation (WHO) Aim – To provide a comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of trends in malaria control and elimination across the globe. 2023 report – For the 1st time, it includes a dedicated chapter focused on the intersection between climate change and malaria. Key findings - Globally, there were 249 million cases in 2022, 5 million more than in 2021. Globally, the malaria deaths were higher than in 2019 but the malaria mortality rate decreases (i.e. deaths per 100 000 population at risk) continuously and is now at 14.3 in 2022.
Threats – Climate change, conflict and humanitarian crises, resource constraints and biological challenges such as drug and insecticide resistance also continue to hamper progress. Nexus between climate change and malaria Changes in temperature, humidity and rainfall can influence the behaviour and survival of the malaria-carrying Anopheles mosquito.
In 2023, the R21/Matrix-M (R21) malaria vaccine became the 2nd vaccine recommended by WHO to prevent malaria in children. |
Source: aspireias
26 October, 2021
15 Min Read
The following table is a non-exhaustive list of vector-borne disease, ordered according to the vector by which it is transmitted. The list also illustrates the type of pathogen that causes the disease in humans.
Vector |
Disease caused |
Type of pathogen |
|
Mosquito |
Aedes |
Chikungunya Dengue Lymphatic filariasis Rift Valley fever Yellow Fever Zika |
Virus Virus Parasite Virus Virus Virus |
Anopheles |
Lymphatic filariasis Malaria |
Parasite Parasite |
|
Culex |
Japanese encephalitis Lymphatic filariasis West Nile fever |
Virus Parasite Virus |
|
Aquatic snails |
Schistosomiasis (bilharziasis) |
Parasite |
|
Blackflies |
Onchoceriasis (river blindness) |
Parasite |
|
Fleas |
Plague (transmitted from rats to humans) Tungiasis |
Bacteria Ecto parasite |
|
Lice |
Typhus Louse-borne relapsing fever |
Bacteria Bacteria |
|
Sandflies |
Leishmaniasis Sandfly fever (phlebotomus fever)
|
Bacteria Virus |
|
Ticks |
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever Lyme disease Relapsing fever (borreliosis) Rickettsial diseases (eg: spotted fever and Q fever) Tick-borne encephalitis Tularaemia |
Virus Bacteria Bacteria Bacteria Virus Bacteria |
|
Triatome bugs |
Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) |
Parasite |
|
Tsetse flies |
Sleeping sickness (African trypanosomiasis) |
Parasite |
List of Vector Borne Diseases Control Programme Legislations:
1) National Anti - Malaria programme
2) Kala - Azar Control Programme
3) National Filaria Control Programme
4) Japenese Encephilitis Control Programme
5) Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic fever
Source: TH
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