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International Relations

International Relations

Gelephu Smartcity Project

The Gelephu project is a mega project in Bhutan to have 1,000-sq. km. green city along Assam border ‘connecting South Asia to Southeast Asia’. There are also discussions about a 58-km rail link between Gelephu and Kokrajhar in Assam were also held.

23 December, 2023 India and its neighborhood

Currency Devaluation in Argentina

Argentina recently devalues its currency and cuts subsidies as part of shock economic measures because of its 143% annual inflation. Argentine peso will be devalued by 50% to 800 to the U.S. dollar from 400 pesos to the dollar.

15 December, 2023 International issues

Ceasefire in Gaza

India and 152 other members vote overwhelmingly at U.N. General Assembly (UNGA) to demand a humanitarian ceasefire in Gaza recently. The vote in the 193-member world body was 153 in favor, 10 against (includes US and Israel) and 23 abstentions. The resolution is non-binding but it serves as an indicator of global opinion. UNGA is one of the 6 principal organs of the United Nations and the main policy making body of UN that votes on the decision that organization makes.

15 December, 2023 Israel-Palestine conflict

Anthrax

5 countries in East and southern Africa are in the middle of outbreaks of the anthrax disease recently. It is a serious infectious disease caused by gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria known as Bacillus anthracis. It occurs naturally in soil and commonly affects domestic and wild animals around the world. It is a zoonotic disease that can resulting in severe lung problems, difficulty breathing, and shock in humans, usually been found in India’s southern states.

13 December, 2023 International issues

Poland

Donald Tusk becomes Poland's Prime Minister recently. Poland is the 9th Largest Country in Europe. It's bordered by the Baltic Sea to the north. The country is bordering Germany to the west, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east, and Lithuania and the Russian enclave of Kaliningrad to the northeast.

13 December, 2023 Europe

Bab al-Mandab Strait

It is a strait between Arabia and Africa that connects the Red Sea with the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean. The strait is bordered by Yemen on one side and Djibouti and Eritrea on the other. It is a strategic route for oil and a chokepoint between the Middle East and the Horn of Africa. It's also a vital link in the maritime trade route between the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean. About 10% of global trade passes through the Bab el-Mandeb Strait. 

13 December, 2023 International issues

EXERCISE “VINBAX-2023”

It is an annual military training exercise conducted alternatively in India and Vietnam. Aim – To foster collaborative partnership, promote inter- operability and share best practices between the two sides. The operation is under Chapter VII of United Nations Charter on Peace Keeping Operations.

12 December, 2023 Vietnam

Operation Prosperity Guardian

Houthi militants from Yemen have attacked or seized commercial ships near the Red Sea amidst the ongoing Gaza war. It is a multinational security initiative in the Red Sea. Launched by – USA Partner countries – UK, Bahrain, Canada, France, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Seychelles and Spain have joined and others. Coordinated by – Combined Maritime Forces, Task Force 153. The Combined Maritime Forces is a multi-naval taskforce with 39 members including India and Pakistan. It was set up in 2022 to improve maritime security in the Red Sea, Bab el-Mandeb and the Gulf of Aden. Role – Increased presence of military ships and joint patrols. While they will not necessarily escort a…

23 December, 2023 Maritime security

The Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace

Activist Ali Abu Awwad and pianist Daniel Barenboim win Indira Gandhi Peace Prize. The Prize It was instituted in the memory of the former prime minister by the Indira Gandhi Memorial Trust in 1986. The award is given to individuals or organisations who work towards ensuring international peace and development. It consists of a monetary award of Rs 25 lakh along with a citation. Barenboim He is a distinguished classical pianist, and conductor, renowned for performing with and directing some of the leading orchestras in the world. Apart from his musical achievements, he is also known for his relentless endeavour…

19 December, 2023 Awards

Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC)

One of the Justice of Supreme Court recommended setting up a Truth and Reconciliation Commission to look into alleged violations of human rights in J&K and to recommend measures for reconciliation. It is also known as a ‘truth and justice commission’ or simply, a ‘truth commission’. It is an official mechanism to acknowledge and reveal the wrongdoings by both state and non-state. Aim – To address and resolve the conflicts of the past. Definition – According to the Priscilla B. Hayner, a TRC Focusses on the past, rather than ongoing events Investigates a pattern of events over a period of time Engages directly and broadly…

13 December, 2023 India and its neighborhood

China's Belt & Road Initiative

Italy withdraws from China's Belt and Road project recently. China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a connectivity project that aims to revive the ancient Silk Road. The BRI was announced by Chinese President Xi Jinping in 2013. It aims to connect China with Europe by land and rail, and to Asia and Africa by sea.

11 December, 2023 Bilateral groupings and agreements

“Operation Storm Makers II”

Operation Storm Makers II was a global operation by Interpol that targeted human trafficking and migrant smuggling. The operation targeted criminal networks that exploit migrants for cyber fraud. The operation involved law enforcement agencies in 27 countries across Asia and other regions.

10 December, 2023 International issues

UN Resolution on Ceasefire

A recent UN resolution to call for a ceasefire in Gaza was blocked by the United States using its veto power. A ceasefire is a temporary suspension of a war where each side agrees to stop aggressive actions. The 5 permanent members who have veto powers in the United Nations Security Council - China, France, Russia, United Kingdom, and United States.

09 December, 2023 International issues

MoU between NMCG-MRCTI

The National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) has signed the Memorandum of Common Purpose (MoCP) with the Mississippi River Cities and Towns Initiative (MRCTI) of USA recently. The signing took place in Dubai during the COP28. The MoCP has signed on behalf of the River Cities Alliance (RCA).

09 December, 2023 International issues

Ban import of diamonds

The Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC) recently raised concerns on the decision of G7 countries to impose a ban on direct imports of Russian-origin rough diamonds from January 1, 2024. The ban also includes diamonds processed by third countries, including India, from March 1,2024. India is home to world’s 90% Diamond cutting and polishing industry.

09 December, 2023 International issues

Armenia-Azerbaijan Peace Treaty

Armenia and Azerbaijan agreed recently to exchange prisoners of war and work toward signing a peace treaty. As part of the deal, Armenia agreed to lift its objections to Azerbaijan hosting next year's international conference on climate change.

08 December, 2023 International issues

Operation Al-Aqsa Flood

Operation Al-Aqsa Flood was the name given to the 2023 Hamas attack on Israel. The operation was motivated by Israeli aggression and occupation, and the treatment of Palestinians. The attack was also a response to recent violence at the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem.

04 December, 2023 Israel-Palestine conflict

Damascus

Damascus, one of the world's oldest continuously inhabited cities, is the capital and the largest city of Syria. It is located in South-western Syria at the foothills of the Anti-Lebanon mountain range. It is the 4th holiest city in Islam, and was known as the Pearl of the East It recently secures the top spot as the cheapest city to live in.

03 December, 2023 International issues

Paris Club

Sri Lanka has recently reached an “agreement in principle” with India and the Paris Club group of creditors including Japan, on a debt treatment plan. The Paris Club is an informal group of creditor nations that work to find sustainable solutions for debtor countries that are unable to repay their bilateral loans. The Paris Club has 22 permanent members which have originated from a 1956 meeting in which Argentina agreed to meet its public creditors in Paris. India is not a member to this club. The Paris Club usually coincides with the IMF program period.

01 December, 2023 Bilateral groupings and agreements

Exercise Milan

Exercise Milan is a biennial naval exercise hosted by the Indian Navy. The exercise includes Professional exercises, Seminars, Social events, Sporting fixtures. The Indian Navy 1st held the exercise in 1995, and has since significantly expanded in scope and scale to become the largest exercise held by India. The last edition of Milan, which is held off Visakhapatnam, saw participation from over 40 countries. The exercise was originally conceived in line with India's "Look East Policy".

01 December, 2023 Bilateral groupings and agreements

Neighbourhood Dilemmas – India’s Foreign policy

India's foreign policy faces challenges in its neighbourhood, where China has become a major rival and superpower in the region. What are the challenges that India faces in its neighbourhood? Challenges About Anti-India regime Countries in South Asia are hostile or unfriendly to India. Maldives- India Out Campaign started since 2020 asking Indians to leave the country. Bangladesh- Opposition party has accused India of interfering in Bangladesh's internal affairs. Aggressive China China has become a major player in South Asia, offering economic and strategic benefits to the smaller states in the region. Belt and Road Initiative- It involved many South Asian…

09 December, 2023 India and its neighborhood

India- Kenya Ties

During recent visit of Kenyan President to India, both India and Kenya strengthened ties through a series of 5 Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs) and strategic collaborations spanning diverse sectors. Agriculture - India provides $250 million Line of Credit to Kenya for agricultural modernization and Kenya to provide land to Indian companies and institutions for cultivation of crops in Kenya under a cooperative model. A line of credit is a continuous and repeated access to fund for borrowers until it reaches a set credit limit on which regular payments like both principal and interest are made by the borrower. Defence - To carry out joint military exercises and…

05 December, 2023 African Countries

Gujral Doctrine- India’s Foreign Policy

Gujral Doctrine consisted of 5 principles, as outlined by Gujral at a speech in Chatham House in London in 1996.It was based on the understanding that India’s size and population made it a major player in South East Asia, and its position could be better cemented by adopting a non-domineering attitude towards its smaller neighbours.It also emphasised the importance of keeping dialogue going. Gujral named the countries from which India would not expect reciprocity, and it did not include Pakistan.  successes of Gujral Doctrine? Gujral’s approach to foreign policy helped strengthen trust and cooperation in India’s neighbourhood. River water sharing - Gujral’s…

04 December, 2023 International issues

Avdiivka & Robotyne

Russia was intensely attacking the eastern town of Avdiivka and the southern village of Robotyne in Ukraine recently. Avdiivka is an industrial hub in Donetsk region. The city is a former coal hub and is home to the large Avdiivka Coke Plant. Robotyne is a village in Ukraine. It's located in Polohy Raion, Zaporizhzhia Oblast. Robotyne was the 1st Ukrainian breach in Russian lines of defense.

27 November, 2023 International issues

Free visas by Malaysia

Malaysia will grant a 30-day visa-free entry for Indian and Chinese citizens. Thailand and Sri Lanka has already announced free visas to foreigners including India to promote tourism. The 30-day visa-free entry is also currently enjoyed by 8 ASEAN countries for the purpose of social visits, tourism and business.

27 November, 2023 India and its neighborhood

India-EU Semiconductor Pact

India and the European Union has recently signed a Memorandum of Understanding on semiconductors. It will help in building a “robust supply chain” and support innovation between the two countries.

27 November, 2023 Europe

Australia-India Leadership Dialogue (AILD)

The 6th annual Australia India Leadership Dialogue 2023 held in Melbourne, Australia recently. The Australia India Leadership Dialogue is the premier forum for informal diplomacy between Australia and India. The dialogue used Bridges of Bharosa (trust) as one of its themes. It provides an opportunity to deepen mutual understanding between Australian and Indian leaders. It also paves way for addressing Australia-India bilateral relations in the wider context of the Indo-Pacific region.

25 November, 2023 Australia

G20 Summit on Israel-Palestine Conflict

Against the backdrop of the Israel-Hamas conflict, Prime Minister of India chaired a virtual summit of G20 leaders recently.

25 November, 2023 Israel-Palestine conflict

SURYA KIRAN- XVII

The 17th edition of Joint Military Exercise SURYA KIRAN between India and Nepal conducted in Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand recently. It is an annual event and conducted alternatively in the two countries.

25 November, 2023 India and its neighborhood

Lashkar-e-Taiba

Ahead of the 15th anniversary of the 26/11 Mumbai attacks, Israel has declared the Pakistan-based terror outfit Lashkar-e-Taiba as a terror organization. Lashkar-e-Taiba is an Islamist militant group particularly active in the Kashmir region.

22 November, 2023 International issues

VAJRA PRAHAR

14th Edition of the exercise “VAJRA PRAHAR 2023” commenced in Umroi, Meghalaya recently. It is a joint military special force exercise between India and U.S.A

22 November, 2023 U.S.A

IMEC

The India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC) is a strategic project that aims to improve economic development by connecting Asia, the Persian Gulf, and Europe. The IMEEC will consist of 2corridors: East corridor - Connects India to West Asia/Middle East Northern corridor - Connects West Asia/Middle East to Europe The IMEEC was unveiled at the G-20 summit in New Delhi. The route runs through the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Israel, and Greece.

22 November, 2023 International issues

U.S. and Philippines Nuclear deal

The United States and the Philippines have recently signed a nuclear deal that would allow Washington to export nuclear technology and material to Manila, Philippines. The pact is in adherence with non-proliferation requirements.

19 November, 2023 Bilateral groupings and agreements

BDS (Boycott, Divestment, Sanctions) Movement

It is a Palestinian-led campaign that uses economic pressure to delegitimize Israel. It is a loosely connected network of Palestinian civil society groups coordinated by the Palestinian BDS National Committee. The BDS movement aims to create a world without a Jewish state. The movement was launched in 2005 by more than 170 Palestinian groups to garner international support for Palestinian people’s rights.

18 November, 2023 Israel-Palestine conflict

Operation 1027

Operation 1027 is a joint military operation by the 3 brotherhood alliance - Ta’ang National Liberation Army, (TNLA) the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA), and the Arakan Army. Its goal is to combat the Myanmar Junta’s armed forces and allied militias in northern Shan State, close to the Myanmar-China border. The operation, titled after the date of its commencement - Oct. 27. The violence has forced people to flee to Mizoram in India.

17 November, 2023 Bilateral groupings and agreements

Mitra Shakti, 2023

The 9th edition of Mitra Shakti, a Joint military exercise between India and Sri Lanka commenced recently in Pune. Aim - To jointly rehearse conduct of Sub Conventional operations under Chapter VII of United Nations Charter. Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter sets out the UN Security Council's powers to maintain peace.

14 November, 2023 Sri Lanka

Sea Guardian-3

The Sea Guardian-3 exercise is a joint bilateral naval exercise between China and Pakistan in the Northern Arabian Sea. China and Pakistan will conduct their 1st joint maritime patrol during this exercise. The exercise is divided into 2 phases, shore-based exchanges, and maritime joint operations with the theme of Joint Response to Maritime Security Threats.

11 November, 2023 Bilateral groupings and agreements

India and Bangladesh

India and Bangladesh jointly inaugurated 3 India assisted development projects. The 3 projects are The Akhaura-Agartala cross-border rail link – Dual gauge rail line connects Bangladesh and Tripura. The Khulna-Mongla Port Rail Line - Broad gauge rail route between Mongla Port (Bangladesh) and the existing rail network in Khulna (Bangladesh). Unit - II of the Maitree Super Thermal Power Plant - Rampal in Khulna Division of Bangladesh.

08 November, 2023 Bangladesh

Operation Cactus

Operation Cactus was a military operation led by the Indian Armed Forces in the Maldives in 1988. The operation thwarted a coup attempt against the Maldivian Government headed by President Abdul Gayoom.

06 November, 2023 Maldives

Colombo Security Conclave (CSC)

It was formed as a trilateral maritime security grouping between India, Sri Lanka and Maldives operating in the Indian Ocean region. It focuses on Maritime security, Countering terrorism and Cybersecurity. In 2020, Mauritius was added as a member of the grouping, with Bangladesh and the Seychelles as observers. Bangladesh and Seychelles are observers and have been invited to join the group and are likely to join as full members.

05 November, 2023 India and its neighborhood

Torkham border crossing

After Pakistan’s deadline expired for undocumented foreigners, about 1.7 million people were forced to leave Pakistan across the Torkham border. The Torkham border crossing is a major border connecting Nangarhar province of Afghanistan with Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province.

05 November, 2023 Pakistan

Houthis

The Houthis are a large clan belonging to the Zaidi Shia sect, in Yemen’s northwestern Saada province. The Houthi movement, officially called Ansar Allah (Supporters of God), began in the 1990s against the dictatorship of Yemeni President Ali Abdullah Saleh. Today, the Houthis are one faction in a bloody civil war that has raged in Yemen since 2014. They currently control territory in the west and northwest of Yemen, including the capital Sana’a. They have waded into the ongoing conflict in Palestine recently.

03 November, 2023 Yemen Crisis

Israel - Hamas Deal

Recently, the mediation efforts facilitated by Qatar, Egypt and the United States between Israel and Hamas resulted in an agreement for a humanitarian pause for 4 days, subject to extension. Deal – 50 hostages could be freed in return for 150 Palestinian women and teenagers in Israeli detention. Israeli warplanes would not fly over southern Gaza for 6 hours each day. Each day of the pause, Israel and Hamas will receive lists of the hostages and prisoners to be released. Mediation – Qatar, the US, Egypt, etc. Implementation - International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) would be designated to receive the hostages. ICRC is an independent and neutral organization…

25 November, 2023 Israel-Palestine conflict

India- Australia 2+2 Defence Dialogue

Recently, India and Australia held 2+2 Ministerial Dialogue to step up defence cooperation and deepen the strategic relationship in sectors such as critical minerals and trade and investment. 2+2 Dialogue is a format of meeting of the foreign and defence ministers of India and its allies on strategic and security issues. India-Australia 2+2 Defence Dialogue – 1st session held in 2021 and 2nd dialogue held in 2023 at New Delhi, India. Areas of cooperation - Defence and security, trade & investment, critical minerals, energy, climate change, S&T, space, education and people to people linkages along with regional and global issues. Conclusion of 2nd dialogue - Both nations agreed…

21 November, 2023 Australia

China-Myanmar Economic Corridor (CMEC)

China is prioritising the extension of the China-Myanmar Economic Corridor (CMEC) to Sri Lanka. CMEC is the newest of the 6 land corridors under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) Project South Asia under the BRI project China-Myanmar Economic Corridor (CMEC) Nepal-China Trans-Himalayan Multi-dimensional Connectivity Network (CNEC) China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) India and Bhutan are the only countries in South Asia that have stayed out of the BRI. Initially, it was part of ambitious ‘Bangladesh China India Myanmar (BCIM) corridor’ proposed in 2013 but later it became standalone economic corridor in 2017. Bangladesh China India Myanmar (BCIM) corridor proposed in 2013 to link Kunming…

21 November, 2023 India and its neighborhood

India-UK FTA

India and the UK are negotiating a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) that will reduce tariffs and non-tariff barriers on goods and services. What is a Free Trade Agreement? It is a pact between two or more countries that reduces or eliminates certain barriers to trade in goods and services, as well as investment. Goal- To facilitate cross-border transactions, increase investment prospects, promote mutual trade, and improve the ease of business. Bilateral FTAs- India has bilateral FTAs with Sri Lanka, Afghanistan, Bhutan, Japan, Thailand, Singapore, Nepal, Korea, Malaysia, etc. Regional FTAs- South Asian Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA)- 2004 India-ASEAN Agreement- 2010 India-UK Free…

21 November, 2023 Britain

US-China Summit

Recently, the US President Joe Biden and the Chinese President Xi Jinping met on the sidelines of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Summit in San Francisco in 2023. What are the key highlights of US-China Summit? High level diplomacy- Apparent realisation that high-level engagement and open channels are key in preventing competition from sliding into conflict. Military cooperation- It focussed on the restoration of military-to-military communications which is crucial for managing tensions between the two nations. Counter narcotics- China pledged to curb the outbound shipments of substances used to make fentanyl, a powerful opioid that has contributed to many fatal overdoses in the…

19 November, 2023 China-USA

Suez Canal and its Alternative

Israel has come up with plans to create an alternative to the Suez Canal. What was the historical background of Suez Canal? Location- The Suez Canal is a man-made canal that connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea, providing a crucial shortcut for shipping between Europe and Asia. It cuts north-south across the Isthmus of Suez in Egypt. Year of construction - Construction of the canal began in 1859 and it took around 10 years to complete the project. Management- The canal is owned and maintained by the Suez Canal Authority (SCA), which is under the government of Egypt. Convention of Constantinople- Signed in 1888 by the maritime powers, it…

14 November, 2023 Egypt

Anti-Immigration Policy of Pakistan’s

Recently, Pakistan government launched a nationwide deportation operation against 17 lakh undocumented Afghan refugees. Why there is huge influx of Afghan refugees in Pakistan? Afghanistan and Pakistan share a 2,640km long border which passes through rugged mountains, densely forested valleys and narrow rock passages. Its topography makes it porous and difficult to control. According to estimates, more than 95% of refugees in Pakistan, both documented and undocumented, are Afghan nationals. Soviet invasion- In 1979, Soviet invaded Afghanistan, resulting in steady migration of people to neighbouring Pakistan. US invasion- United States invaded Afghanistan after the September 11 attack. Rise of Taliban- Refugees…

11 November, 2023 Pakistan

Agartala-Akhaura Rail Link

Agartala-Akhaura Rail Link (International relaton) A new rail link connecting Northeast India with Bangladesh for a distance of 12.24 kms was inaugurated recently. The project is part of India’s “Act East Policy”, which aims to promote economic cooperation and develop strategic ties with countries in the Asia-Pacific region. Year - Sanctioned in 2003 and signed by both countries in 2013 Transport – It will start from Agartala (Tripura, India) to Akhaura (Bangladesh) Immigration checks will be held at Nischintapur, the Indian-Bangladesh border. 1st station on the Bangladesh side will be Gangasagar. Tripura shares an 856-km international border with Bangladesh, the second highest after West Bengal. Funding –…

04 November, 2023 Bangladesh

India-Saudi Arabia Relation

Recently, after the launch of the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor the Prime Minister(PM) of India welcomed the Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia on a state visit.During this significant visit, the two nations discussed various aspects of their strategic partnership and agreed to set up a joint task force to expedite the West Coast refinery project.   Outcomes and Agreements Resulting From the Visit? Strategic Partnership Acknowledgment: The PM of India highlighted Saudi Arabia's pivotal role as "one of the most important strategic partners of India." Both leaders emphasized the importance of their partnership, particularly as two rapidly growing nations contributing to regional stability. India-Saudi…

03 November, 2023 UAE

India-Thailand Relations

Both parties expressed satisfaction with the ongoing bilateral defence cooperation at the 8th India-Thailand Defence Dialogue, which was held in Bangkok, Thailand. Cultural ties and mutual cooperation that have been shaped by thousands of years of lasting historical and cultural ties characterise India and Thailand relations. Highlight It was examined how various bilateral defence cooperation programmes were progressing. The co-chairs came up with ways to strengthen current areas of cooperation, particularly in the fields of defence industry, marine security, and multinational cooperation. The Indian defence industry's potential was praised by Thailand. The two chairs also described initiatives towards developing areas…

27 April, 2023 Act East Asia Policy

India-UAE Food Security Partnership

India-UAE Food Security Partnership Due to its reliance on food imports, the UAE has set the objectives of achieving food availability and supply chain disaster preparedness. India, the world's second-largest food producer, is an important ally in the UAE's attempts to improve food security. Numerous points of convergence favour the partnership between India and the UAE for food security. The United Arab Emirates (UAE), whose food security was based on imports from international markets, is now concentrating on the twin goals of food access and capability to deal with supply chain problems. India's Potential in the International Agri-Export Market Powerhouse…

26 April, 2023 UAE

Myanmar issue

Myanmar issue The Myanmar government recently requested a 10-month extension to file a countermemorial in response to the complaint alleging that Myanmar violated the International Genocide Convention, but the International Court of Justice (ICJ) recently rejected this request.  The lawsuit concerns the atrocities committed by the Myanmar military in 2017 during "clearing" operations in Rakhine state, which led to the eviction of Rohingya people. What Caused Unrest in Myanmar? Background – In 1948, the nation declared its independence from Great Britain. From 1962 until 2011, when a new administration started restoring civilian control, it was governed by the armed forces.…

22 April, 2023 Myanmar

Rohingya Crisis

Rohingya Crisis The Gambia's request for a 10-month extension to respond to allegations that Myanmar violated the International Genocide Convention was denied by the International Court of Justice at The Hague. The case refers to the Myanmar military's "clearing" operations in Rakhine state in 2017, which resulted in numerous deaths of Rohingya. What are the Rohingya? They are an ethnic group that predominately resides in the Rakhine province of western Myanmar and is primarily made up of Muslims.  Rather of the widely spoken Burmese language, they speak a Bengali variant. Despite the fact that they have lived in the country…

18 April, 2023 Refugee crisis in World

Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP)

Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) British decision to join Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) was made recently . About The Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership was just signed by the United Kingdom. The success of the arrangement was highlighted by the U.K. prime minister as an illustration of "post-Brexit liberties." The CPTPP countries and Westminster will now need to ratify the deal. 11 nations make up the Indo-Pacific Free Trade Area under the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership. Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore,…

04 April, 2023 Britain

Jakarta To Borneo

Jakarta To Borneo The Government of Indonesia disclosed the location of the nation's new capital to demonstrate the progress made on the city's construction. About On the Indonesian side of Borneo, in the province of East Kalimantan, is where Nusantara, the future capital, is situated. East Kalimantan is a region on Borneo island that is shared by Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei. It has abundant water resources and livable terrain. Motives for Change Roughly 10 million people are living in Jakarta, and there are three times as many in the surrounding metropolitan area. The fastest-sinking metropolis in the world is Jakarta,…

17 March, 2023 South East Asia

RAISINA SECURITY DIALOGUE

RAISINA SECURITY DIALOGUE Before the Raisina Dialogue and in the shadows of the G-20 Foreign Ministers' Meeting, India secretly hosted the second Raisina Security Dialogue, a gathering of top intelligence and security professionals from over 26 nations. The meeting was first convened in April 2022, the day before the Raisina Dialogue began. The National Security Advisor and the Prime Minister of India spoke about it. About The Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW), the National External Intelligence Agency, and the National Security Council Secretariat (NSCS), which is under Mr. Doval's direction, are in charge of organising the security conference. A day before the…

14 March, 2023 Others

Asia Energy Transition

Asia Energy Transition By extending its "Asia Energy Transition Initiative" (AETI) Japan intends to assist India in leading the transition to renewable energy. The Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries received its first support from Japan's AETI, which was launched in 2021, to achieve net zero emissions, including financial aid of USD 10 billion for renewable energy. Highlight Goal: To attain carbon neutrality in Asia and sustainable growth. It was initially focused on encouraging the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) member nations to push for net-zero carbon emissions. The initiative encourages the creation of energy transition…

13 March, 2023 South East Asia

SCO EXPANSION

SCO EXPANSION The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) recently welcomed Saudi Arabia as a dialogue partner. About SCO Expansion As a result of the United States departure from the region, Saudi Arabia and other Gulf states have taken steps to diversify their security allies. Through this process, the nations have gotten closer to China. The recent restoration of diplomatic ties between Saudi Arabia and Iran, facilitated by China, and Iran's impending admission as the SCO's newest member are significant developments in this regard. Saudi Aramco (Investor) announced that it has upped its investment in China by finalising a planned joint venture…

03 April, 2023 International Organizations

Battle of Bakhmut

Battle of Bakhmut The Ukrainian military may opt to withdraw its forces from Bakhmut, a strategically important position. Bakhmut Battle In the Donetsk region of eastern Ukraine, there is a little mining town called Bakhmut. Having served as both the focus of Russian attacks and the location of tenacious Ukrainian military defence, Bakhmut is now in ruins. The Significance of Bakhmut The proximity of Bakhmut near numerous significant routes may have some strategic advantage for the Russian invasion. It serves as a significant transportation centre, several supply lines pass through it, and Russia may establish a base there. Beyond its…

10 March, 2023 International issues

Indo-German Relations

Indo-German Relations Olaf Scholz, the Chancellor of Germany, recently paid a bilateral visit to India. It is Scholz's first trip to India after taking office as German Chancellor in December 2021, ending Angela Merkel's illustrious 16-year reign. About the news: The visit of the German chancellor is significant because it occurs towards the end of the Russia-Ukraine conflict's first year and follows the recent Chinese spy balloon incident, which sent shockwaves across global geopolitics. The Green and Sustainable Development Partnership (GSDP), the Indo-Pacific, and economic cooperation were all topics of discussion between the two nations during the visit. Highlight of…

08 March, 2023 Germany

Windsor Framework

Windsor Framework The UK government and the European Union (EU) have come to a historic agreement over the post-Brexit trade arrangements that will apply to Northern Ireland. Regarding "Windsor Framework": The Northern Ireland Protocol will be replaced by the "Windsor Framework," which was one of the most complicated consequences of Brexit, leading to issues on both the political and economic fronts. Important elements: the implementation of a goods-only Green lane and Red lane scheme Green lane: In the ports, British goods intended for Northern Ireland will utilise the green lane and will be allowed to pass with little formality and…

07 March, 2023 International issues

India Denmark Cooperation

India Denmark Cooperation During the "India-Denmark: Partners for Green and Sustainable Development Conference" in New Delhi, the Union Minister for Environment, Forests, and Climate Change said that India and Denmark can work together to show that reaching ambitious climate and sustainable energy targets is possible. Since the Green Strategic Partnership was established in 2020, the bilateral collaboration has been geared towards advancing environmentally friendly and sustainable development. About the previous visit: In order to put their ambitious "green strategic relationship" into action, India and Denmark have come to an agreement on a five-year action plan. Following a decade-long thaw in…

07 March, 2023 Germany

Moscow halts the New START  

Moscow halts the New START   The final major military deal between Russia and the United States, known as New START, has recently been confirmed to be suspended. The New START: What Is It? The original "Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty," also known as START-I, was signed between the US and the then-USSR in 1991 and went into effect in 1994. It carries the term START. After expiring in 2009, START-I, which set a cap on the number of nuclear warheads and ICBMs( intercontinental ballistic missile ) each side may have at 6,000 and 1,600, respectively, was superseded first by the SORT…

03 March, 2023 International issues

INS Sindhukesari in Indonesia

INS Sindhukesari in Indonesia The Kilo class conventional submarine of the Indian Navy, INS Sindhukesari, has docked in Jakarta, Indonesia, for the first time. An Indian Navy Kilo class conventional submarine, INS Sindhukesari, made its first port call in Jakarta, Indonesia, from February 22 to 24, 2023, as part of the region's growing military relations. It crossed the Sunda Strait and made its first docking attempt in Indonesia for an operational turnaround (OTR). Evolution: India's Look East Strategy was established in 1992 with the primary goal of reuniting India with its neighbours in South East Asia on an economic and…

02 March, 2023 Bilateral groupings and agreements

Exercise ‘Dharma Guardian’ 

Exercise ‘Dharma Guardian’  India and Japan participated in the exercise "DHARMA Guardian-2023" in Belgaum, Karnataka. More On the News: It is a combined military exercise. It offers a rare chance for the armed forces of the two countries to work together in a way that strengthens the enduring ties of friendship between India and Japan. In terms of the security problems that both countries face against the backdrop of the current international situation, the yearly training exercise with Japan is essential and vital. During this collaborative exercise, the two forces will be able to exchange best practices for executing tactical…

21 February, 2023 East Asia

India, UAE & France Trilateral Cooperation Initiative

India, UAE & France Trilateral Cooperation Initiative   In a trilateral cooperation initiative in the areas of business, energy, and defence, India joined the UAE and France. India, France, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) recently decided to join forces to cooperate on combating climate change and protecting biodiversity, defence planning, prevention of infectious illnesses, and developing nuclear and solar energy. At a meeting held in New York on September 2022 during the United Nations General Assembly, the concept for this alliance was first brought forth. Major Highlights of the Trilateral Initiative:   It will act as a platform to…

08 February, 2023 International issues

Surveillance Balloon

Surveillance Balloon Tensions between the United States and China were raised after a high-altitude balloon from China invaded American airspace. A Chinese surveillance balloon that had been seen over US airspace for a few days was shot down by the US. About surveillance or spy balloon: Military uses for spy balloons were already common. Balloons were employed to provide a bird's eye perspective of the battlefield during the French Revolutionary Wars in the late 18th century, with evidence of their employment at the Battle of Fleurus in 1794. Prior to the Great War, big-picture reconnaissance was mostly conducted by balloons,…

09 February, 2023 International issues

India-Kenya Ties

India-Kenya Ties Following a joint reconnaissance of the coastal region close to the Lamu Archipelago by the warships of both nations, India recently handed over 100 nautical charts to Kenya. The survey was carried out in India by the National Hydrography Office of the Indian Navy. About Kenya: Kenya is a country in Eastern Africa. Nairobi is Kenya's largest and capital city, whereas Mombasa, on the country's coast, served as the nation's first capital and oldest city. Kenya is bordered to the northwest by South Sudan, to the north by Ethiopia, to the east by Somalia, to the west by…

09 February, 2023 African Countries

China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) - Aspire IAS

China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) A nuclear reactor worth USD 2.7 billion was commissioned in Pakistan as part of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), offering some relief as the country struggles with an energy crisis. This 1,100-megawatt power facility will produce some of the least expensive electricity in the country. Recent statewide power disruptions in Pakistan were caused by a national grid malfunction. Blackouts have been a long-standing problem in the nation, which is also dealing with rising energy prices, poor foreign exchange reserves, and pressure on its government budget. Background of CPEC: By signing a number of memorandums of understanding…

07 February, 2023 CPEC

World Economic Forum 2023

World Economic Forum 2023 The 2023 Annual Meeting of the World Economic Forum (WEF), held in Davos, Switzerland, has ended. Regarding the Annual Meeting: The World Economic Forum's annual gathering was in its 53rd year. 52 heads of state or government are among the 2,700 leaders from 130 nations who have gathered for the gathering. This year's topic was "Cooperation in a Fragmented World," which was set against the backdrop of the conflict in Russia and Ukraine, climate change, and a shifting international political landscape. What will be the highlights of the Davos Summit in 2023? Trade Ministers' Coalition on…

20 January, 2023 International issues

India-Oman Strategic Dialogue

India-Oman Strategic Dialogue The eighth India-Oman strategic conversation took place in India, and both nations stressed the importance of working together to combat the threats posed by terrorism, terrorist propaganda, misuse of cyberspace, and new and emerging technology. The highlight of the dialogue: Numerous topics of shared interest were discussed, including bilateral strategic and security cooperation, defense, and regional security. The significance of maintaining maritime safety and security in the area was emphasized by both sides. The strategic conversation was emphasized by both parties as a key tool for fostering bilateral relations between India and Oman. Both parties emphasized the…

21 January, 2023 West Asia

Exercise VARUNA

Exercise VARUNA On the western seaboard, the 21st iteration of the edition naval exercise between France and India just got underway. Although the two fleets' bilateral exercise was first conducted in 1993, it was renamed "VARUNA" in 2001 and has since come to symbolize the strategic bilateral cooperation between France and India. The drill will take place from January 16–20, 2023, over a five-day period. These exchanges serve as a further reminder of the ideals that our two navies share in preserving maritime freedom, upholding an open, inclusive Indo-Pacific, and upholding a rules-based international order. High-speed naval operations at sea,…

14 January, 2023 Bilateral groupings and agreements

India and Maldives

India and Maldives When the Maldives presidential election was just around the corner, the Indian External Affairs Minister (EAM) paid a visit to the country. Background: The Maldives' desire for stronger ties with China and India's fears over Chinese dominance in the area have strained the relationship in recent years. Former president and head of the Maldivian Democratic Party (MDP), Mohamed Nasheed, has voiced opposition to the incumbent president's (Solih) decision to compete for a second term inside his own party. Although Solih explicitly supports "India First," he also takes pains to avoid offending China. Yameen, who previously ran the…

19 January, 2023 Maldives

India and Eurasia

India and Eurasia The importance of the Eurasian region has increased as a result of the current geopolitical situation. India being one of the region's fastest-growing economies, connections between India and Eurasia are important. As 2023 gets underway, the world is embracing a "new normal" in which ancient and new fault lines in Eurasia and the Indo-Pacific are being rearranged. What is Eurasia? The largest continent on Earth, known as Eurasia, is made up entirely of Europe and Asia. According to certain geographers, Eurasia is one continent physiographically. Despite being regarded as separate continents since antiquity, Europe and Asia's borders…

19 January, 2023 International issues

India-Australia Economic Cooperation &Trade Agreement

India-Australia Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement (AI-ECTA) The historic interim Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement (INDAUS ECTA) between India and Australia, which came into effect on December 29, 2022 will boost Indian exports of textiles, leather, gems, and jewellery to Australia. The free trade deal signed with India was recently ratified by the Australian Parliament, opening the path for its implementation beginning in January 2023. What precisely is the India-Australia ECTA? After the trade pacts with the UAE and Mauritius, this was the third such agreement that this government had signed. The deal is expected to increase bilateral commerce from its…

05 January, 2023 Bilateral groupings and agreements

India - Saudi Arabia Relations

India - Saudi Arabia Relations Recently, India and Saudi Arabia explored establishing a Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty (MLAT) in order to formally cooperate with one another in criminal case investigations. India has already signed MLATs with 45 nations and is currently negotiating MLATs with Germany and Italy. The only other nation except for Saudi Arabia without an MLAT or any other bilateral arrangement with India to assist such inquiries is Pakistan. What is MLAT? It is a mechanism through which nations work together to offer and obtain official assistance in the prevention, suppression, investigation, and prosecution of crime in order…

01 January, 2023 West Asia

Exercise ‘Veer Guardian-2023’

Exercise ‘Veer Guardian-2023’ From January 12 to January 26, India and Japan will conduct their first-ever bilateral aviation exercise as a result of their expanding defence ties and growing concerns regarding China's military buildup in the Indo-Pacific. About the exercise: The first-ever bilateral combat air exercise between India and Japan will be called Veer Guardian 23. The Japanese air bases of Hyakuri and Iruma will host this 10-day exercise between the Indian Air Force and the Japanese Air Self-Defence Force (JASDF). It will also be the first time a female fighter pilot from the Indian Air Force has participated in…

07 January, 2023 Bilateral groupings and agreements

Warming up of the Arctic & India's Arctic Policy

Warming up of the Arctic & India's Arctic Policy Researchers recently conducted an annual assessment of the area and found that the Arctic Circle's temperatures have been rising much more rapidly than those of the rest of the world. The Arctic Report Card, which The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has produced since 2006 and is comprised of nearly 150 experts from 11 nations, was created this year. The vast region of the Arctic, covering one-sixth of the planet's landmass, is located around the North Pole. Environmental, commercial, and strategic external global forces are having an increasing impact on it,…

22 December, 2022 International issues

Surya Kiran XVI & India- Nepal Ties

Surya Kiran XVI & India- Nepal Ties In Saljhandi, Nepal, the 16th edition of the Indo-Nepal joint training exercise "Surya Kiran" between India and Nepal is being held. About Surya Kiran: It is an annual military exercise between India and Nepal. The purpose of this exercise is to: Establish military ties between the soldiers of the two nations in inhospitable mountainous regions;??????? Provide Humanitarian aid under disaster management; Receive training in counterterrorism operations; and Develop interoperability and knowledge sharing between the two nations. In India's Uttarakhand region, at Pithoragarh, the 15th Surya Kiran was held. Significance of Nepal for India:…

21 December, 2022 India and its neighborhood

India-Central Asia 

India-Central Asia  The first India-Central Asia meeting of NSAs and Secretaries of Security Councils was recently chaired in Delhi by India's National Security Advisor. More information on the meeting: Concerning the first NSA meeting between India and Central Asia: The meeting was the result of the India-Central Asia virtual summit in January 2022, during which Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi hosted leaders from Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan and agreed to have security chiefs meet on a regular basis to discuss India's "extended neighborhood." The meeting was attended by the NSAs of India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. Turkmenistan…

12 December, 2022 Central Asia

Forced Displacement: UNDP Report

Forced Displacement: UNDP Report According to the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) report "Turning the Tide on Internal Displacement: A Development Approach to Solutions," more than 100 million people will be forcibly displaced in 2022, the majority of whom will be within their own countries, for the first time in history. What are the Report's Findings? Statistics: Over 59 million people were forcibly displaced within their own countries by the end of 2021 as a result of conflict, violence, disasters, and climate change. Before the Ukraine war, an estimated 6.5 million people were internally displaced. Climate change may force more…

10 December, 2022 Refugee crisis in World

FAO’s Report on The Future of Food and Agriculture

FAO’s Report on The Future of Food and Agriculture According to the Food and Agriculture Organization's (FAO) new report, The Future of Food and Agriculture — Drivers and Triggers for Transformation, if agrifood systems remain unchanged, the world will face persistent food insecurity. The purpose of this report is to stimulate strategic thinking and action to transform agrifood systems toward a more sustainable, resilient, and inclusive future. What are the Report's Findings? Agrifood System Drivers: There are 18 interconnected socioeconomic and environmental forces known as drivers that interact and shape the various activities that occur within agrifood systems, such as…

10 December, 2022 International Organizations

Refugee Policy of India

Refugee Policy of India Recently, a large number of Kuki-Chin refugees from Bangladesh's Chittagong Hill Tract Area entered Mizoram (India) out of concern that they would be attacked by Bangladeshi security forces. The Chin-Kuki-Mizo refugees' plight was taken to heart by the Mizoram government, which also committed to providing temporary shelter, food, and other forms of assistance as it saw fit. What Leads to This Refugee Overflow? The Khagrachari, Rangamati, and Bandarban districts of southeast Bangladesh's Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT), which borders Mizoram to the east, Tripura to the north, and Myanmar to the south and southeast, cover more than…

09 December, 2022 Refugee crisis in World

India-Israel Relations

India-Israel Relations The President of Israel recently attended a cultural event at the Israel Museum to mark the opening of a new exhibition titled 'Body of Faith: Sculpture from the National Museum of India.' Israel's Relationship with India: Key Highlights This exhibition, which translates as "spirit within matter" in Hebrew, is yet another result of the Indian and Israeli nations' growing friendship, as well as a reflection of the deep resonance of arts and culture that our two countries share. The Israeli President made a rare appearance here at an exhibition of Indian deities and temple rituals. India and Israel…

08 December, 2022 Others

G20 Presidency of India as a Watershed Moment

G20 Presidency of India as a Watershed Moment On December 1, 2022, India will formally assume the G-20 presidency. India will hold the presidency until November 30th, 2023. According to the Prime Minister, India's theme is "One Earth, One Family, One Future." More on the news: Agenda: The Prime Minister described India's G-20 agenda as "inclusive, ambitious, and action-oriented." Sharing India's experience: "During our G-20 presidency, we will present India's experiences, learnings, and models as possible templates for others, particularly the developing world," he added. The significance of the 2023 G20 Summit, which will be held in New Delhi: The…

07 December, 2022 International issues

India-Australia Economic Cooperation & Trade Agreement

India-Australia Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement The India-Australia Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement (Ind-Aus ECTA) was just passed by the Australian Parliament. About Ind-Aus ECTA. It is India's first Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with a significantly developed nation in more than ten years. The Agreement covers cooperation in the following areas across the whole spectrum of bilateral economic and commercial ties between the two friendly nations which includes: Trade in Goods and Rules of Origin Exchange of Services Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) SPS (sanitary and phytosanitary) precautions Settlement of Disputes, Movement of Natural Persons Procedures for Telecom and Customs…

01 December, 2022 Australia

India-US Economic and Financial Partnership

India-US Economic and Financial Partnership The 9th Ministerial Meeting of the India-US Economic and Financial Partnership took place recently. The Union Minister for Finance and Corporate Affairs led the Indian delegation, while the Treasury Secretary led the US delegation. What are the Meet's Main Highlights? Attempts to Raise Climate Ambition: Both countries shared the reenergized global efforts to raise climate ambition, as well as their respective domestic efforts to meet publicly stated climate goals. Macroeconomic Issues: In the context of the Ukrainian conflict, both reaffirmed their commitment to the central role of multilateral cooperation in addressing global macroeconomic challenges, such…

17 November, 2022 U.S.A

India votes against Russia's UNSC resolution

India votes against Russia's UN Security Council resolution on bioweapons. India has voted against a UN Security Council resolution sponsored by Russia that accuses the US and Ukraine of engaging in "military biological activities" in violation of the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC). Prior to this resolution, India had recently abstained from another UN Security Council resolution that sought to invalidate Russia's annexation of four Ukrainian territories.   What is the Biological Weapons Convention? Toxins or microbiological agents (such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi) are used in biological weapons to intentionally kill or harm humans, animals, or plants.      …

04 November, 2022 International issues

India-GCC Free Trade Agreement (FTA)

India-GCC Free Trade Agreement (FTA) India and member countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) are expected to begin negotiations for a free trade agreement next month in order to strengthen economic ties between the two regions. In May of this year, India implemented a free trade agreement with the UAE. This one's terms and conditions are also being finalized. About the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) is a grouping of six Gulf countries: Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, Oman, and Bahrain. It was founded in 1981 by an agreement signed by Bahrain,…

01 November, 2022 Others

GARUDA VII

GARUDA VII At Air Force Station Jodhpur, "Garuda VII" is being participated in by the Indian Air Force (IAF) and French Air and Space Force (FASF). India is currently hosting it for the fourth time. Garuda VII: What is it? Garuda VII is the seventh iteration of the two-year-interval bilateral air exercise between India and France. At the Air Force Stations in Gwalior, Kalaikunda, and Jodhpur, respectively, the first, third, and fifth editions were held in India in 2003, 2006, and 2014, respectively. Four Rafale fighter aircraft, one A-330 Multi Role Tanker Transport (MRTT), and 220 personnel will all take…

29 October, 2022 France

India -Africa Defence Dialogue

India -Africa Defence Dialogue In conjunction with DefExpo 2022, the second India-Africa Defence Dialogue (IADD) was conducted in Gandhinagar, Gujarat. About The India-Africa Defence Dialogue: Adopting a strategy to enhance and synergize defence and security cooperation is the theme. The Gandhinagar Declaration was approved as an IADD 2022 result document. By increasing training slots and deputising training teams, empowering and strengthening the defence forces of Africa, taking part in exercises, and providing aid during natural disasters, it seeks to improve collaboration in training in all areas of shared interest. A book on defence cooperation between India and Africa was also…

19 October, 2022 African Countries

China blocks India’s Bid

China blocks India’s Bid  China has obstructed efforts by India and the US to add Pakistan-based terrorists to the UN Security Council's 1267 list of terror organisations. Major Points: Terrorist groups and individuals: India offers a list of terrorists connected to Al Qaeda and ISIS for the UN Security Council to consider. The 1267 list of terrorists linked to Al Qaeda and ISIS included key members of the Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT), including Talha Saeed, the son of Hafiz Saeed, and Shahid Mehmood, the deputy leader of a LeT front. China tried to stop India and the U.S. from listing for the…

19 October, 2022 International issues

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific During the 18th Heads of Asian Coast Guard Agencies Meeting (HACGAM) in New Delhi, the Indian Defense Minister stressed the importance of using ocean resources sustainably for economic growth while protecting the ecosystem's health. He added that India supports open maritime borders with rules in the Indo-Pacific. The Indo-Pacific region is what? The Indo-Pacific is a relatively new idea. The Indo-Pacific region first came to prominence about ten years ago; since then, it has grown significantly. Understanding that the Indian Ocean and the Pacific are linked strategic theatres is one of the factors contributing to the term's adoption. Also,…

18 October, 2022 Indo Pacific Region

CAATSA Sanction and (JCPOA)

CAATSA and Joint Comprehensive Plan Of Action (JCPOA) The United States recently sanctioned Tibalaji Petrochem Pvt Ltd., a Mumbai-based petrochemical company, for selling Iranian petroleum products. It is the first Indian entity to be designated by the US under unilateral sanctions imposed in 2018-19, following the US withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). What exactly was the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action? The agreement is also known as the 2015 Iran Nuclear Deal. The JCPOA was the result of lengthy negotiations between Iran and the P5+1 (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Germany)…

07 October, 2022 Iran

World Habitat Day

World Habitat Day World Habitat Day will be observed annually on the first Monday in October (3 October 2022) to raise awareness of the condition of our habitats and the fundamental right of everyone to sufficient shelter. At Vigyan Bhawan, the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) observed World Habitat Day 2022. About World Habitat Day The Day's goal is to raise awareness of the fact that we all have the ability and obligation to influence the future of our communities and towns. The goal of World Habitat Day 2022 is to raise awareness of the growing vulnerabilities and…

03 October, 2022 Others

India-US Relations

India-US Relations External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar recently stated that the relationship between India and the United States has an impact on the rest of the world because many countries look to the association individually and bilaterally. India-US relations: Comprehensive global strategic partnership: India and the United States have a comprehensive global strategic partnership that spans almost all areas of human endeavour and is fueled by shared democratic values, convergence of interests on a variety of issues, and vibrant people-to-people contacts. Bilateral Dialogue Mechanisms: Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, India-US cooperation has seen intense engagement in a variety of areas, including…

01 October, 2022 U.S.A

Indo-Pacific Trilateral Framework

India, France to set up Indo-Pacific Trilateral Framework India and France recently decided to increase their collaboration in the Indo-Pacific organisation. Image Source - En. trend Details about the news Trilateral Indo-Pacific framework: Recently, France and India decided to create a trilateral Indo-Pacific framework to implement development initiatives. In separate trilateral agreements with Australia and the United Arab Emirates, India and France also made the decision to increase cooperation in the Indo-Pacific region. Indo-Pacific region as a whole: A comprehensive Indo-Pacific strategy that aims to offer practical answers for maritime security, regional cooperation, climate change adaptation and mitigation, biodiversity protection,…

17 September, 2022 France

Exercise Kakadu

Exercise Kakadu In order to take part in the international exercise Kakadu - 2022, organized by the Royal Australian Navy, INS Satpura and a P8 I Maritime Patrol Aircraft of the Indian Navy arrived in Darwin, Australia (RAN). Image Source - ssbcrackexams What are the facts regarding Exercise Kakadu? About: Exercise Kakadu is a biennial joint exercise that the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force both support. The Navy's most important maritime exercise, Kakadu, promotes international cooperation in the air and maritime domains and offers training opportunities for maritime security and surveillance. It began in 1993. It is a…

16 September, 2022

India and Mexico Relations

India and Mexico Relations On the occasion of Mexico's National Day (16 September), India sent its best wishes and greetings to all Mexican citizens and remembered the 72 years since diplomatic relations were established. Image Source -  the wire Historical Ties: India and Mexico have historical ties due to their colonial status. In 1950, Mexico became the first nation in Latin America to recognise India after its independence and to establish diplomatic ties with it. The 1960s Green Revolution in India was built on Mexican wheat types used in Indo-Mexican hybrids. Mexico and India maintained a close working relationship during…

16 September, 2022 Others

sri lankan tamils issue

Issue of Tamilians in Sri Lanka India recently raised the Sri Lankan Tamil issue in the 51st session  United Nations Human Rights Council in Geneva. It expressed concern over Sri Lanka's promise to find a political solution to the Tamil problem not showing any discernible progress. India stated that it has "always believed in the responsibility of States for promotion and protection of human rights and constructive international discussion and collaboration" guided by the U.N. Charter in its statement at the 51st session of the United Nations Human Rights Council in Geneva. Concerns raised by India Human rights advocates in Sri Lanka…

14 September, 2022 Sri Lanka

Indo-Saudi Strategic Partnership   

Indo-Saudi Strategic Partnership    The Indian Minister for External Affairs ends his first official trip to Saudi Arabia. Image Source - Financial Express He reviewed all facets of bilateral ties between Saudi Arabia and India during the visit and spoke about both local and global problems. Key Discussion Points Collaboration: The potential for shared progress, prosperity, stability, security, and development between India and Saudi Arabia exists. COVID: By providing oxygen supplies, Saudi Arabia was immensely helpful during the Covid-19 pandemic. Strategic Partnership Council between Saudi Arabia and India The Committee on Political, Security, Social, and Cultural Cooperation (PSSC) had its inaugural…

13 September, 2022 West Asia

7th Eastern Economic Forum

7th Eastern Economic Forum The 7th Eastern Economic Forum recently took place in Vladivostok, Russia. Image Source - The Indian Express  About the meeting The 7th Eastern Economic Forum meeting featured a virtual speech from the Indian Prime Minister. War in Ukraine: Supply networks all across the world have been impacted by the turmoil in Ukraine and the Covid epidemic. The PM emphasised the necessity to resolve the Ukrainian problem through diplomatic and diplomatic channels. Possibilities of India-Russia relations as expressed in the meeting: Arctic area: India is eager to strengthen its cooperation with Russia on Arctic issues. The potential…

12 September, 2022 Russia

India Bangladesh Agreements

India Bangladesh Agreements Image Source - BBC The Bangladeshi Prime Minister recently visited India and spoke with the Indian Prime Minister. In addition to announcing new connectivity and energy initiatives, India and Bangladesh have inked seven agreements for cooperation in fields ranging from the sharing of river waters to space. Key Moments from the Meeting An interim water-sharing agreement for the Kushiyara river was struck by India and Bangladesh, marking their first such arrangement in more than 25 years. In 1996, the Ganga Water Treaty was ratified. Importance: The Kushiyara accord will assist residents of Sylhet, Bangladesh, and southern Assam.…

08 September, 2022 Bangladesh

maritime security india upsc

Maritime Security Image Source - Deepstrate The recent Chinese satellite and missile tracking ship, the Yuan Wang 5, in Hambantota Port, was brought up by Sri Lanka's envoy to India, who suggested that India and Sri Lanka establish a framework to discuss marine issues. Yuan Wang 5 It is a ship from the Yuan Wang series' third generation, and it went into service in 2007. "Space tracking ships active in aiding the human space program" are among the vessels in this class. Satellites and intercontinental missiles can be tracked using it. Hambantota Port A Public Private Partnership and Strategic Development…

31 August, 2022 Maritime security

Tibetan Democracy Day

Tibetan Democracy Day Image Source - Tibetan parliament The Tibetan people who live in exile in India celebrate the anniversary of the creation of their democratic regime on September 2. About Tibetan Democracy Day It is commonly referred to as Mangsto Duchen (Mangsto: democracy; Duchen: occasion) inside the neighbourhood. It heralds the establishment of the democratic system in exile in Tibet. The Central Tibetan Administration (CTA), the Tibetan government-in-exile in Dharamshala, is at the centre of the democratic system of Tibet, which oversees more than 15,000 refugees worldwide. However, no nation has formally acknowledged the CTA. Major Milestones on the…

02 September, 2022 India and its neighborhood

Exercise VAJRA PRAHAR

Exercise VAJRA PRAHAR 2022 The 13th edition of the joint US-Indian exercise Vajra Prahar 2022 was just completed at Bakloh (Himachal Pradesh). image Source - Current Affairs Adda 247 Key Highlights The United States and Special Forces India alternate hosting the annual exercise. The military forces of a nation's special forces are responsible for conducting clandestine, anti-terrorist, and other specialized missions. Aim: The 21-day cooperative training gave the Special Forces from both countries the chance to train in joint conditions in accordance with the United Nations Charter for Airborne Missions, Special Operations, and Counter-Terrorism operations. A 48-hour validation period followed…

30 August, 2022 Others

Chabahar Port

Chabahar Port In order to assess the state of development, the Union Minister of Ports, Shipping, and Waterways travelled to Iran's Shahid Beheshti port in Chabahar. Image Source - Silk road briefing About the Chabahar Port       In the Gulf of Oman, in southern Iran, is the port of Chabahar. This is the only port in Iran with direct access to the sea. India, Iran, and Afghanistan view it as a gateway to lucrative economic potential with Central Asian nations. Shahid Kalantari and Shahid Beheshti are two distinct ports that are part of the Chabahar port. The Shaheed Beheshti Port's operations…

29 August, 2022 Iran

Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant

Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant About Zaporizhzhia The biggest nuclear power plant in Europe is located in Zaporizhzhia, a significant town in southeast Ukraine. The distance from the nuclear facility is around 40 km (25 miles) up the Dnieper River. Ukraine has four nuclear power plants with a total of 15 reactors. Six reactors of the Zaporizhzhia plant together generate about 5,700 MW of electricity. About 50% of Ukraine's energy needs are met by nuclear energy. As a state without nuclear weapons, Ukraine has ratified the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. IAEA safeguards are in place for all of its nuclear sites. This means…

01 September, 2022 Europe

India and Egypt

India and Egypt Image Source - DAILY EXCELSIOR An Egyptian postage stamp commemorating the 75th anniversary of diplomatic relations with India was recently issued. Egypt's acceptance of India's independence on August 18, 1947, barely three days after India's declaration of independence, marked the beginning of diplomatic relations between Egypt and India. A fast broadening and deepening bilateral relationship is strengthened and stabilized by expanding Egypt-India economic and commercial ties. India-Egypt Relations History: In the past, commercial connections between Egypt and India grew along the banks of the rivers Nile and Indus, which is when India's interactions with Egypt first developed. Under…

26 August, 2022 Egypt

India-Iran Pact on Seafarers

India-Iran Pact on Seafarers To facilitate the movement of seafarers from both nations in accordance with the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification, and Watchkeeping (STCW) (1978). for Seafarers, India and Iran signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU). More about the news                The Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) is signed on the recognition of Certificates of Competency in Unlimited Voyages in accordance with the International Convention. The International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification, and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (1978), seeks to assist seafarers from both nations. Chabahar Port: The event focused on the port's position as a commerce multiplier for…

24 August, 2022 India and Iran

China-Pakistan Economic Corridor

China-Pakistan Economic Corridor China's recent investments in infrastructure projects under its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) have decreased, while it's short- and medium-term support to partner nations has increased, according to research from the Green Finance and Development Centre. Outcomes of the report: Reduced Investments China's engagement in 147 nations through contracts and financial investments totalled $28.4 billion in the first half of 2022, an increase of 47% from the previous year. From $48.5 billion in the same time in 2019, this represented a decrease. Three distinct tendencies in the BRI were observed in the report: Chinese state-owned enterprises' expanding…

23 August, 2022 CPEC

Implications of talks Between INDIA & NATO

Implications of talks Between INDIA & NATO India and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) held their first political discussion on December 12 in Brussels, according to recent reports. What is NATO? North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is a military alliance established by the North Atlantic Treaty (also called the Washington Treaty) of April 1949, by the United States, Canada, and several Western European nations to provide collective security against the Soviet Union. There are currently 30 member states. Original Members: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Other nations…

19 August, 2022 New World Order

India-Gabon Relations

India-Gabon Relations The Indian business sector recently hosted a group from Gabon in India, and India also congratulated Gabon on its Independence Day (17th August). Earlier, the Indian Vice President went to Gabon and signed two memorandums of understanding (Memorandum of Understanding). Memorandum of Understanding        Between the governments of India and Gabon, the creation of a joint commission. Sushma Swaraj Institute of Foreign Services, Gabonese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and training programs for diplomats. India and Gabon agreed to cooperate to advance bilateral, regional, and international sectors of cooperation. India-Gabon Partnership Diplomatically: Since before Gabon gained its independence, India and…

18 August, 2022 African Countries

India-European Union Ties

India-European Union Ties India is commemorating its 75th anniversary of independence and 60 years of diplomatic ties with the European Union (EU). How has the relationship between India and the EU evolved over the years? The two nations' connection went beyond trade and economic cooperation after they signed a cooperation pact in 1994. In June 2000, the first summit between India and the EU represented a turning point in the development of the relationship. In 2004, the partnership was elevated to a "Strategic Partnership" during the fifth India-EU Summit. In 2005, the two parties agreed upon a Joint Action Plan.…

16 August, 2022 Europe

Garuda Shield: deterrence against Chinese Encroachment

Garuda Shield as deterrence against Chinese Encroachment On the Indonesian island of Sumatra, the United States, Indonesia, and other nations are participating in joint military drills. About Since 2009, Garuda Shield has been a yearly military exercise. The 2022 edition will be the biggest one due to the participation of numerous other nations, including Australia and Japan. A total of more than 5,000 personnel from the US, Indonesia, Australia, Japan, and Singapore are participating in this year's Super Garuda Shield exercises, making them the largest since they began in 2009. The expanded drills are seen by China as a threat. The…

15 August, 2022 International issues

Palestine - Israel Ceasefire

Palestine - Israel Ceasefire Recently, there was a ceasefire between Israel and Palestine following three days of fighting that claimed the lives of hundreds of people in both nations. Tensions between Palestinians and Israeli police erupted at Jerusalem's al-Aqsa Mosque earlier this year as well. Recent conflict Since Israel and Hamas engaged in an 11-day conflict last year, the violence between Israel and Palestinian factions in Gaza has deteriorated significantly. As long as a cease-fire was not negotiated, there was still a chance that the border clashes may escalate into a full-fledged war. Conflict arose because Israeli aircraft attacked targets…

10 August, 2022 Israel-Palestine conflict

INDIA MALDIVES RELATIONS

INDIA MALDIVES RELATIONS Recently, the Prime Minister of India held bilateral talks with the visiting Maldives President. The Prime Minister stated that cooperation between India and the Maldives in the areas of defence and security is essential for maintaining peace and stability while underlining the threat of international crime, terrorism, and drug trafficking in the Indian Ocean. The outcome of the bilateral talk: Maritime security: The Indian Ocean region has a high probability of terrorism, drug trafficking, and international crime. Therefore, a collaboration between India and the Maldives in this area is essential to upholding regional peace and stability. Increased…

05 August, 2022 Maldives

EXERCISE PITCH BLACK

EXERCISE PITCH BLACK The Indian Air Force (IAF) will join 16 other nations, including Quad partner countries for Exercise Pitch Black, the biennial exercise hosted by the Australian Air Force. It takes place once every two years and is hosted by the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF). This warfare exercise generally takes place in Northern Australia's RAAF bases - Darwin and Tindal Aim: This exercise aims to practice Offensive Counter Air (OCA) and Defensive Counter Air (DCA) combat. This exercise takes place in a simulated war environment. Participant country: This year, about 100 aircraft and 2,500 military personnel from 17…

03 August, 2022 Australia

INDIA'S CONTRIBUTION TO UN PEACEKEEPING FORCE

INDIA'S CONTRIBUTION TO UN PEACEKEEPING FORCE Recently, two BSF personnel who were part of the UN Peacekeeping Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), were among five people killed during a protest in an eastern town near the border with Uganda. Background of UN peacekeeping force The U.N. formed its Peacekeeping efforts in the year 1948, to deploy military observers to West Asia. The Peacekeeping mission’s role was to monitor the Armistice Agreement between Israel and its Arab neighbour. It aims to assist host countries to transition from situations of conflict to peace. Aim: to provide security as…

01 August, 2022 International Organizations

CRISES IN SRI LANKA: EXPLAINED

CRISES IN SRI LANKA: EXPLAINED Gotabaya Rajapaksa has agreed to step down as the President of the island nation, following a huge protest by the people.  His regime is facing crises has four interconnected dimensions: economic, governance, social, and legitimacy. People are living through harrowing economic collapse, with accessing essentials such as fuel, food, and medicine becoming an everyday battle. Poor Decisions By The President Rajapaksa He began his tenure as President in November 2019 by promising a future of stability, security, development, and prosperity for the people of Sri Lanka. He concentrated a great deal of financial and administrative…

11 July, 2022 Sri Lanka

  48th G7 SUMMIT IN GERMANY

   48th G7 SUMMIT IN GERMANY The summit was held in BAVARIAN ALPS Germany from June 26th to 28th 2022. PT POINTER G7 48TH Summit was held under the presidency of Germany at BAVARIAN ALPS. Member Countries: US, Canada, France, UK, Germany, Italy, and Japan. BAVARIAN ALPS: It is a collective name for several mountain ranges of the Northern Alps within the German state of Bavaria. ALPS:  Young fold mountain is present in 8 countries (France, Switzerland, Austria, Italy, Germany, Monaco, Slovenia, and Liechtenstein) Recent News: G7 countries are trying to cap Russia’s income from oil sale that is financing…

01 July, 2022 International issues

PARTNERS IN THE BLUE PACIFIC

PARTNERS IN THE BLUE PACIFIC US, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the United Kingdom have launched the new initiative known as ‘Partners in the Blue Pacific’ for effective and efficient cooperation with the small island nation of the region. It aims to enhance cooperation in the area of the climate crisis, connectivity, transportation, maritime security and protection, prosperity, health, and education. The Pacific Island countries (small island nations of the pacific) are the cluster of 14 nations located largely in the tropical zone of the Pacific Ocean between Australia, Asia, and the Americas.  They include Kiribati, Republic of Marshall Islands,…

30 June, 2022 Indo Pacific Region

PGII to counter China's Belt and Road Initiative

PGII to counter China's Belt and Road Initiative In the recent G7 summit in Germany, the ambitious Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment (PGII) was unveiled, with the aim of collective mobilization of $600 billion by 2027 for transparent investment in infrastructure projects in developing and middle-income countries.  It’s a G7 initiative to counter China’s multi-trillion-dollar Belt and Road Initiative which the West considers China’s strategy to increase its geopolitical influence in Asia and other developing and low-income countries in the disguised identity of connectivity, infrastructure, and trade projects. What is PGII? In 2021 the G7 partners along with European…

29 June, 2022 International issues

CHINA’S INTERVENTION IN THE HORN OF AFRICA

CHINA’S INTERVENTION IN THE HORN OF AFRICA Investment across the African continent has been increased by China throughout the last decade with special emphasis on raw materials. Recently China concluded “The China-horn of Africa peace, governance and development conference” in which for the first time China aims to play role in the area of security in the African continent. PROJECT OF CHINA IN AFRICA The four major areas of China’s interest are natural resources, maritime interest, financial assistance and infrastructural projects and infrastructural investment. China is also funding $200 million for the construction of the African Union’s headquarters in Addis…

29 June, 2022 African Countries

INDIA-VIETNAM DEFENCE TIES

INDIA-VIETNAM DEFENCE TIES The maritime domain has taken centre stage in the bilateral talks between India and Vietnam. Progress of India’s Act East Policy, maritime multilateralism, maritime security outreach, and the building of a strong network across the Indo- Pacific are a key element which has made Delhi and Hanoi new natural partners. What are the key elements that have made India and Vietnam natural partners? Vietnam is an important partner in India’s Act East policy and the Indo-Pacific vision and the two countries share a rich history of civilization and cultural linkages spanning more than  2,000 years. Both the…

27 June, 2022 South East Asia

14th BRICS Summit

14th BRICS Summit BRICS nations have supported diplomacy and dialogue between Russia and Ukraine, where three of its members China, India, and South Africa have abstained from voting on a United Nations resolution condemning Russia's invasion of Ukraine. What is BRICS? BRICS consists of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. It was launched at a meeting of the Foreign Ministers of Brazil, Russia, India, and China in the year 2006. In 2010 BRIC turned into BRICS, with the entry of South Africa. BRICS is chaired by turn by its member countries. BRICS together define 27% of the world’s land…

27 June, 2022 International issues

Bangladesh’s Rohingya Problem

Bangladesh’s Rohingya Problem What is the issue? The population of Rohingyas in Bangladesh as of now is 8,85,000 and the refugee population is increasing rapidly by 35,000 every year, which is a serious security implication for countries mainly in South Asia. What is the Rohingya issue? Rohingya are an ethnic Muslim group who live predominantly in the Rakhine state of Myanmar and speak the Bengali dialect. The Rohingya are not recognized by the Myanmar government as an official ethnic group and are therefore not given citizenship under the 1982 Citizenship Law. It is claimed that there were no Rohingyas in Myanmar before the British brought…

21 June, 2022 Refugee crisis in World

India - Central Asia Relations

India - Central Asia Relations Mapping of Central Asia Central Asia comprises 5 countries given above between the Caspian Sea and China.  Kazakhstan is the largest producer of Uranium and has huge gas and oil reserves as well. Uzbekistan is an important regional producer of gold along with Kyrgyzstan. Tajikistan has vast hydropower potential besides oil deposits, and Turkmenistan has the fourth largest gas reserves in the world. Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan — are also in the Caspian littoral, thereby promising to open the door to other energy-rich Caspian states. India's strategy for Central Asia Central Asia is now considered an…

20 January, 2022 Central Asia

POWERGRID and Africa50: First Transmission PPP Project

POWERGRID and Africa50: First Transmission PPP Project Power Grid Corporation of India Limited (POWERGRID) has signed a Joint Development Agreement with Africa50, the pan-African infrastructure investment platform to continue to develop the Kenya Transmission Project on a public-private partnership basis. Africa50 Africa50 is an infrastructure investment platform that contributes to Africa’s economic growth by developing and investing in bankable infrastructure projects, catalyzing public sector capital, and mobilizing private sector funding, with differentiated financial returns and impact. Africa50 currently has 31 shareholders, comprised of 28 African countries, the African Development Bank, the Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO), and Bank…

13 January, 2022 African Countries

 India-U.S. Relations Overview

 India-U.S. Relations Overview Context: This topic is important for UPSE GS Paper2.  India-U.S. bilateral relations have developed into a "global strategic partnership", based on shared democratic values and increasing convergence of interests on bilateral, regional and global issues. The cooperation is based on the idea of “ChaleinSaathSaath: Forward Together We Go”, and "SanjhaPrayas, Sab ka Vikas" (Shared Effort, Progress for All). Today, the India-U.S. bilateral cooperation is broad-based and multi-sectoral, covering trade and investment, defence and security, education, science and technology, cyber security, high-technology, civil nuclear energy, space technology and applications, clean energy, environment, agriculture and health. Vibrant people-to-people interaction…

03 November, 2021 U.S.A

India US Climate Action and Finance Mobilization Dialogue (CAFMD)

India US Climate Action and Finance Mobilization Dialogue (CAFMD) India and the United States are natural partners with shared values and our agenda encompasses all major pillars of our strategic priorities - including defence, security, energy, technology, education and healthcare The United States is to collaborate with India to work towards installing 450 GW of renewable energy by 2030. Currently, India’s installed power capacity is projected to be 476 GW by 2021-22, and is expected to rise to at least 817 GW by 2030. Mr. Kerry was speaking at a public function following a meeting with Union Environment Minister Bhupender…

14 September, 2021 USA

6th Eastern Economic Forum (EEF) session

6th Eastern Economic Forum (EEF) session Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi delivered a video address during the plenary session of the 6th Eastern Economic Forum (EEF) held on 3 September 2021 in Vladivostok. It may be recalled that PM was the Chief Guest for the 5th EEF in 2019, the first by an Indian Prime Minister. In Indian history and civilization, the word ‘Sangam’ has a special meaning. It means the confluence or coming together of rivers, people or ideas. In my view, Vladivostok is truly a ‘Sangam’ of Eurasia and the Pacific. Applauding President Putin’s vision for the development…

04 September, 2021 Russia

China opens first road-rail transport link to Indian Ocean

China opens first road-rail transport link to Indian Ocean It is highly recommended by us to watch this lecture by Ankit Sir on OBOR of China and India’s strategy to Counter China and then visit this lecture. This topic is just an extension of OBOR and India-China relations. The first shipments on a newly-launched railway line from the Myanmar border to the key commercial hub of Chengdu in western China, that provides China a new road-rail transportation channel to the Indian Ocean, were delivered last week, state media reported on Tuesday. A “test cargo” through what is being called the…

01 September, 2021 China OBOR

Reciprocal Exchange of Logistics Agreement (RELOS) with Russia

Reciprocal Exchange of Logistics Agreement (RELOS) with Russia India and Russia are expecting to conclude the bilateral logistics agreement, Reciprocal Exchange of Logistics Agreement (RELOS), and a Navy-to-Navy cooperation memorandum of understanding (MoU). The two sides are also looking at expanding cooperation in Central Asia and the possibility of supplementing bilateral exercises with trilateral and multilateral ones, Indian Envoy in Russia D.B. Venkatesh Varma said. It will simplify interoperability and enable military platforms to receive support and supplies across bases in both nations. It is also known as Agreement on Reciprocal Logistics Support (ARLS). It is an arrangement that will…

30 August, 2021 Russia

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) is a UN agency mandated to aid and protect refugees, forcibly displaced communities, and stateless people, and to assist in their voluntary repatriation, local integration or resettlement to a third country. UNHCR headquarter is in Geneva, Switzerland, with over 17,300 staff working in 135 countries. Head of UNHCR is Filippo Grandi. Historical Background UNHCR was created in 1950 to address the refugee crisis that resulted from World War II. The 1951 Refugee Convention established the scope and legal framework of the agency's work, which initially…

25 August, 2021 Refugee crisis in World

Global Trends Report on Forced Displacements by UNHCR

Global Trends Report on Forced Displacements by UNHCR The Global Trends Report is an annual report published by UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees). The report counts and tracks the numbers of refugees, and internally displaced people. It also tracks people who have returned to their countries or areas of origin, asylum-seekers, stateless people, and other populations of concern. Features of the Report Around 82.4 million people were forcibly displaced, by the end of 2020. Reasons behind that were, persecution, conflict, violence, human rights violations, and events seriously disturbing public order. This is a 4% increase in forcibly displaced…

25 August, 2021 Refugee crisis in World

Afghanistan Civil War 2021

Afghanistan Civil War 2021 Historical Background Afghanistan was never ruled by a single ruler. It has had a history of conquests by Alexander (330 BC), Mongol Empire (13th Century), Mughal conquests, Three Anglo-Afghan Wars (1839-1842; 1878 – 1880 and 1919 respectively), Panjdeh incident (which was an armed engagement between the Afghanistan and Russian Empire in 1885 and the first major incursion into Afghanistan by Russia), etc. During the Modern era, 1973 Afghan coup d’etat occurred. In a relatively bloodless coup, King Mohammed Zahir Shah was deposed on 17 July 1973 and the Republic of Afghanistan was established and Monarchy was…

21 August, 2021 Afghanistan

Five principle framework for Maritime security

Five principle framework for Maritime security Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi will chair the High-level Open Debate on ‘Enhancing Maritime Security – A Case for International Cooperation on 9th August. Shri Narendra Modi would be the first Indian Prime Minister to preside over a UN Security Council Open Debate. He outlined the 5 Principle Frameworks for Maritime Security. These are: The first was removing barriers to maritime trade. In this context, Mr. Modi highlighted SAGAR (‘Security and Growth for all in the Region’) — a 2015 Indian framework for regional maritime security. Maritime disputes “should be resolved peacefully and in accordance…

10 August, 2021 Maritime security

Maritime Security open debate at UNSC

Maritime Security open debate at UNSC Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi will chair the High-level Open Debate on ‘Enhancing Maritime Security – A Case for International Cooperation on 9th August. Shri Narendra Modi would be the first Indian Prime Minister to preside over a UN Security Council Open Debate. The meeting is expected to be attended by several Heads of State & Government of member states of the United Nations Security Council, and high-level briefers from the UN System and key Regional Organizations. The Open Debate will focus on ways to effectively counter maritime crime and insecurity and strengthen coordination in…

09 August, 2021 Maritime security

Colombo Security Conclave among India, Sri Lanka and Maldives

Colombo Security Conclave among India, Sri Lanka and the Maldives India, Sri Lanka and the Maldives have agreed to work on “four pillars” of security cooperation, covering areas of marine security, human trafficking, counter-terrorism, and cyber security, in a recent virtual meeting of top security officials of the three countries. The discussion comes nine months after National Security Adviser Ajit Doval visited Colombo for deliberations with Secretary to Sri Lanka’s Ministry of Defence, Kamal Gunaratne, and Defence Minister of Maldives, Mariya Didi, in which the three countries agreed to expand the scope of intelligence sharing. Their meeting marked the revival…

07 August, 2021 India and its neighborhood

South China Sea Issue

South China Sea Issue About South China Sea The South China Sea is an arm of the western Pacific Ocean in Southeast Asia. It is south of China, east & south of Vietnam, west of the Philippines and north of the island of Borneo. Bordering states & territories (clockwise from north): the People’s Republic of China, the Republic of China (Taiwan), the Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Singapore and Vietnam. It is connected by Taiwan Strait with the East China Sea and by Luzon Strait with the Philippine Sea. It contains numerous shoals, reefs, atolls and islands. The Paracel Islands, the Spratly Islands and the Scarborough Shoal are the…

22 September, 2021 South China Sea

China and Pakistan strategy on Afghanistan

China and Pakistan's strategy on Afghanistan China and Pakistan said they would more closely cooperate and work together in Afghanistan amid the changing situation in the country, as their Foreign Ministers proposed building the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) into “a hub of regional connectivity”. Meeting in the Chinese city of Chengdu at the third strategic dialogue, China’s Foreign Minister Wang Yi and his counterpart Shah Mahmood Qureshi outlined a five-point joint plan on working in Afghanistan. Mr. Wang described the current situation as arriving “at an important juncture” as he criticised “the hasty U.S. withdrawal of troops” for having…

26 July, 2021 Afghanistan

Jordan's 100th Anniversary as a Kingdom

100th anniversary of the Kingdom of Jordan PM recently congratulated King Abdullah II on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the Kingdom of Jordan. He emphasized the importance of the region and applauded Jordan as a powerful voice and a global symbol of moderation and inclusivity. He appreciated Aqaba Process has contributed to promoting coordination on regional peace and security. The Aqaba Process is an initiative by His Majesty King Abdullah II of Jordan to enhance global coordination and cooperation to counter-terrorism.  Recent Political Instability in Jordan The royal household in Jordan has recently seen intense drama, with the King’s…

15 April, 2021 West Asia

Violence in Northern Ireland (UK)

Violence in Northern Ireland (UK) Recently, Northern Ireland, and the United Kingdom (UK) saw the worst violence in years. Parts of Northern Ireland are split along sectarian lines, 23 years after a peace deal largely ended Northern Ireland's troubles. Reasons behind the Violence Geographically, Northern Ireland is part of Ireland. Politically, it’s part of the UK. Ireland, long dominated by the UK, broke free about 100 years ago after centuries of colonisation and an uneasy union. 26 of its 32 counties became an independent, Roman Catholic-majority country. 6 counties in the north, which have a Protestant majority, stayed British. Northern Ireland’s Catholic minority experienced discrimination in the Protestant-run state. In the 1960s, a…

14 April, 2021 Britain

Meeting of Education Ministers of E9 Countries

Meeting of Education Ministers of E9 Countries Recently, a consultation meeting of Education Ministers of E9 countries was held on the theme ‘E9 initiative: Scaling up digital learning to accelerate progress towards SDG4’. Major Highlights The United Nations (UN) is spearheading a global initiative on digital learning and skills for all, targeting marginalized children and youth and aiming to close the digital divide and drive rapid change in education systems. This initiative focuses on three of the five priorities of the 2020 Global Education Meeting (GEM) Declaration: supporting teachers; investing in skills, and narrowing the digital divide. E9 countries offer a starting gate to accelerate progress on digital learning and…

10 April, 2021 International issues

Global Minimum Corporate Income Tax

Global Minimum Corporate Income Tax The US Treasury Secretary has urged the world’s 20 advanced nations to move in the direction of adopting a global minimum corporate income tax. What is the Global Minimum Corporate Tax Rate? It is a type of corporate tax. Under this, If a company moves some of its operations to another country having low-tax jurisdiction, then the company have to pay the difference between that minimum rate and whatever the firm paid on its overseas earnings. For example, assume Country A has a corporate tax rate of 20 per cent and Country B has a corporate…

10 April, 2021 International issues

EU to Support Southeast Asia against Climate Change

EU's Support to Southeast Asia against Climate Change The European Union (EU) has earmarked millions of euros for supporting climate-friendly development in Southeast Asia after the EU became a “strategic partner” of the Association of the Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) bloc in December 2020. Other Talking Points Multilateral Assistance: The EU is the largest provider of development assistance to the ASEAN region and has committed millions of euros to various environmental programs. This includes 5 million Euros to the ASEAN Smart Green Cities initiative and another 5 million Euros towards a new means of preventing deforestation, called the Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade in ASEAN. Along…

10 April, 2021 South East Asia

India-Seychelles Virtual Meet

India-Seychelles Virtual Meet Recently, the Prime Minister of India will take part in a high-level virtual event with the President of the Republic of Seychelles & jointly inaugurated several Indian projects in Seychelles. Major Highlights Seychelles is central to India’s vision of ‘SAGAR’ – ‘Security and Growth for All in the Region. During times of need, India was able to supply essential medicines and 50,000 doses of Made in India vaccines to Seychelles.  Seychelles was the First African country to receive the Made in India COVID-19 vaccines. India has contributed to the construction of the new Magistrates Court Building in Seychelles. For strengthening the maritime…

09 April, 2021 African Countries

South African Protests and India South Africa Relations

South African Protests and India South Africa Relations The unrest in South Africa set off after the imprisonment of former President Jacob Zuma. The rioting originated in Zuma’s home province of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), where he is serving a 15-month sentence for contempt of court, after failing to appear for a corruption inquiry. Who is Jacob Zuma?  Jacob Zuma assumed the presidency in 2009. Zuma was once a freedom fighter in the ruling African National Congress alongside Nelson Mandela. After years of corruption allegations, and facing a vote of no confidence, Zuma resigned as president in 2018.  Zuma is accused of mass cronyism. Under his…

15 July, 2021 South Africa

India & Russia Agree to Hold 2+2 Dialogue

India & Russia Agree to Hold 2+2 Dialogue Prime Minister Narendra Modi agreed to establish a 2+2 ministerial dialogue between foreign and defence ministers to add further momentum to the bilateral strategic partnership. Russia is the first non-QUAD member with which India is to hold the dialogue. In 2021, President Vladimir Putin is to visit India to hold the India-Russia bilateral summit. The summit is alternatively held in India and Russia. 2+2 Dialogue: On the lines of 2+2 dialogue with the United States, India and Russia have decided to establish dialogue on the same pattern, to add further momentum to…

15 July, 2021 Russia

Relics of 17th century Georgian Queen St. Ketevan Sent to Georgia

Relics of 17th century Georgian Queen St. Ketevan Sent to Georgia After a long-standing request of Georgia, External Affairs Minister handed over the holy relics of 17th century Georgian Queen St. Ketevan nearly 16 years after they were found in Goa. Who was St. Ketevan? Queen Ketevan was a 17th-century Georgian Queen. From Kakheti, a kingdom in eastern Georgia, she was tortured and killed in 1624 in Shiraz during the rule of the Safavid dynasty. Portuguese missionaries were said to have carried the relics to Goa in 1627. In 2005, after years of research and study of medieval Portuguese records,…

14 July, 2021 Europe

Protests in Cuba

CUBA Protests Thousands of people in the small island nation of Cuba took to the streets on Sunday against the country’s communist government collapsing economy and the government’s handling of the Covid-19 pandemic and shortage of food and lack of some basic medicines Why’s the economy falling? Cuba's economy is struggling as Tourism, one of the most important sectors has been devastated by the restrictions on travel during the Covid-19 pandemic. Sugar, which is mostly exported, is another key earner for Cuba. However, 2021's harvest has been much worse than expected. The shortfall was to blame on a number of factors, including a lack…

13 July, 2021 Major protest of the world

India-Netherlands Virtual Summit

India-Netherlands Virtual Summit Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi in a virtual meeting discussed regional and global issues of mutual interest with the Prime Minister of the Netherlands Mark Rutte. During the Summit, the two leaders exchanged views on further expanding the relationship in trade and economy, water management, agriculture sector, smart cities, science & technology, healthcare and space. The two Prime Ministers also agreed on instituting a ‘Strategic Partnership on Water’ to further deepen the Indo-Dutch cooperation in the water-related sector, and upgrade the Joint Working Group on the water to Ministerial-level. Prime Minister Modi thanked the Netherlands for their…

08 April, 2021 Europe

Kazakhstan and India- Defence Minister Bilateral Talks

Kazakhstan and India- Defence Minister Bilateral Talks The Defence Minister of Kazakhstan visited India recently with a focus on boosting bilateral defence cooperation. Both countries share common interests of actively combating the threat of global terrorism and maintaining peace.  The meet will enable greater military to military contact and cooperation between Kazakhstan and India. India – Kazakhstan Relations:     Relations between India and Kazakhstan are ancient and historical going back to more than 2000 years. There has been a constant and regular flow of trade in goods and, more importantly, exchange of ideas and cultural influences. The flow of Buddhism from India…

07 April, 2021 Central Asia

First Meeting of BRICS Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors

First Meeting of BRICS Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors As 2021 BRICS Chair, India’s approach is focused on strengthening intra-BRICS cooperation based on Continuity, Consolidation and Consensus. BRICS Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors discussed the financial cooperation agenda set by India for 2021 - Global Economic Outlook and Response to COVID-19 pandemic, New Development Bank (NDB) Activities, Social Infrastructure Financing and Use of Digital Technologies, Cooperation on Customs related issues, IMF reforms, Fintech for SMEs and Financial Inclusion, BRICS Rapid Information Security channel and BRICS Bond Fund. BRICS New Development Bank Because of the over domination of the…

06 April, 2021 Bilateral groupings and agreements

India – Nepal relations

India – Nepal relations Rail Transportation between India & Nepal got a major boost today with coming into force of authorization to all cargo train operators to utilize the Indian railway network to carry all containers bound for Nepal whether bilateral freight between India and Nepal or third country freight from Indian ports to Nepal. This liberalization will allow market forces to come up in the rail freight segment in Nepal and is likely to increase efficiency and cost- competitiveness, eventually benefiting the Nepalese consumer. These cargo train Operators include public and private container trains Operators, automobile freight train operators,…

10 July, 2021 Nepal

What did Israel achieve in Gaza?

What did Israel achieve in Gaza? After 11 days of airstrikes on and rocket attacks from Gaza, Israel and Hamas agreed to an Egypt-mediated ceasefire. What were the goals? During the course of the attack, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said there were two ways to deal with Hamas — one, to conquer Hamas and the other to establish deterrence. The Prime Minister said his aim was “forceful deterrence”, but conquering was “an open possibility”. Israeli military leaders have claimed that they have killed 225 members of Hamas and Islamic Jihad — a contested claim as the Gaza Health Ministry…

22 May, 2021 Israel-Palestine conflict

Cairn issue explained

Cairn issue explained What is the issue about? The dispute started in early 2014 when Indian tax authorities started questioning Cairn Energy requesting information on the group’s reorganization in the financial year 2006-07. This escalated, and by 2015, the authorities had sent the company a draft assessment order, assessing in the process that there was a principal tax amount of $1.6 billion that was due. The year in reference, 2006-07, was one in which big corporate changes and developments took place in Cairn Energy. It was the year in which it not only undertook a corporate reorganization but also floated…

09 July, 2021 International issues

Sri Lanka passes bill on China backed Colombo Port city

Sri Lanka passes bill on Laws governing China-backed Colombo Port city The Sri Lankan Parliament on Thursday passed a controversial Bill on laws governing the China-backed Colombo Port City, with a majority of 149 legislators — in the 225-member House — voting in its favour. The development comes after the Supreme Court suggested certain amendments, following over a dozen petitions challenging the Bill that political opposition and civil society groups said “directly affected” Sri Lanka’s sovereignty. The government accepted the amendments, pre-empting the requirement for a two-thirds majority or a referendum for passage of certain clauses, as per the apex…

19 May, 2021 China OBOR

China’s Border infrastructure

China’s Border infrastructure Tibet highway China has completed the construction of a strategically significant highway through the world’s deepest canyon in Tibet along the Brahmaputra river, enabling greater access to remote areas along the disputed border with Arunachal Pradesh in India. The highway, official media in China reported this week, took seven years to complete and passes through the Grand Canyon of the Yarlung Zangbo river, as the Brahmaputra is called in Tibet. This is the “second significant passageway” to Medog county that borders Arunachal, directly connecting the Pad township in Nyingchi to Baibung in Medog county. The highway will…

21 May, 2021 Border disputes

Indo Pacific

Indo Pacific What is Indo Pacific? The “Indo-Pacific” idea was originally conceived in 2006- 07. It was 1st time used by Shinzo Abe in Japan in 2007. Ministry of External Affairs has set up a dedicated Indo-Pacific division for matters related to the Indo-Pacific. The term ‘Indo-Pacific’ combines the Indian Ocean Region  (IOR) and the Western Pacific Region (WP) – inclusive of the contiguous seas off East Asia and Southeast Asia – into a  singular regional construct. The US was reinvigorated in the 2017 East Asia Summit. The US wants an open, free, inclusive, prosperous and rule-based Indo-Pacific system. Significance of Indo-Pacific…

27 October, 2021 Indo Pacific Region

Colombo Port City: China OBOR in Sri Lanka

Colombo Port City: China OBOR in Sri Lanka A Chinese-funded tax-free enclave billed as Sri Lanka’s answer to Dubai and Singapore cleared the final legal hurdle on Tuesday as the Supreme Court in Colombo ruled it could go ahead with only minor tweaks. The largest single foreign investment in Sri Lanka is one of several massive Asian infrastructure projects funded by China as Beijing increases its regional footprint. Sri Lanka’s top court rejected 19 petitions challenging the “Colombo Port City Economic Commission” Bill and approved the $1.4-billion project subject to minor amendments which the government immediately said it accepted. Project…

19 May, 2021 China OBOR

Iran to develop Farzad B gas field domestically

Iran to develop the Farzad B gas field domestically Iran on Monday gave the Farzad B gas field to Petropars, a domestic gas producer. This is a setback for India’s energy ties with Iran as ONGC Videsh Ltd (OVL) discovered the gas field in 2000 and has been part of the ongoing cooperation on that front. The Ministry of External Affairs has not yet commented on the development but OVL had discovered the Farzad B gas field in the Farsi region, which is located between the Iranian and Saudi territories. Monday’s deal in Iran comes despite India’s long-standing cooperation regarding…

18 May, 2021 Iran

India’s Policy on Israel-Palestine conflict

India’s Policy on the Israel-Palestine conflict At the United Nations Security Council on Sunday, India, a non-permanent member, reaffirmed its support for Palestine but stopped short of making any direct reference to the status of Jerusalem or the future Israel-Palestine borders. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu on Sunday tweeted the national flags of 25 countries, from the United States to Albania, that he said were “resolutely standing with Israel and supporting our right to self-defence”. The Indian flag was not among them. Ambassador Tirumurti’s statement made two things clear. One, he said the “violence began in East Jerusalem a week back”,…

31 August, 2021 Israel-Palestine conflict

OPEC+ Countries

OPEC and OPEC+ Countries About OPEC It is an intergovernmental organization of 13 nations, founded in 1960 in Baghdad by the first five members (Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela). HQ is in Vienna, Austria. It aims to manage the supply of oil in an effort to set the price of oil in the world market, in order to avoid fluctuations that might affect the economies of both producing and purchasing countries. The current OPEC members are the following: South America: Venezuela (Ecuador left). Africa: Nigeria, Algeria, Angola, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Libya, DRC Congo (joined in 2018). Asia: Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, UAE, Saudi Arabia (the De facto leader). Former OPEC members are Ecuador, Indonesia and Qatar. OPEC membership is…

04 July, 2021 International Organizations

India's stand on Israel Palestine Conflict

India's stand on Israel Palestine Conflict India called for an immediate de-escalation of the situation between Israel and Palestine at the first public United Nations Security Council meeting held since the current surge in hostilities between the two parties entered its seventh day, killing at least 149 people in Gaza and 10 in Israel, including many children. “Immediate de-escalation is the need of the hour, so as to arrest any further slide towards the brink. We urge both sides to show extreme restraint, desist from actions that exacerbate tensions, and refrain from attempts to unilaterally change the existing status-quo, including…

11 May, 2021 Israel-Palestine conflict

Everything about: Myanmar military coup

Everything about: Myanmar military coup About Myanmar Myanmar, aka Burma, is a country in South East Asia. It neighbours Thailand, Laos, Bangladesh, China and India. Myanmar is a diverse country, with the state recognizing more than one hundred ethnic groups. Forming roughly two-thirds of the population, ethnic Burmans, known as the Bamar, have enjoyed a privileged position in society and hold a majority of government and military positions. Many ethnic minority groups, on the other hand, have faced systemic discrimination, a lack of economic opportunities and development in their regions, minimal representation in government, and abuses at the hands of…

16 May, 2021 India and its neighborhood

What is the Iron Dome System?

What is the Iron Dome System? The Iron Dome aerial defence system intercepted a Hamas Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) on Friday that crossed from Gaza into Israel, Israeli Defence Forces (IDF) said on social media. Iron Dome is a multi-mission system capable of intercepting rockets, artillery, mortars and Precision Guided Munitions like very short-range air defence (V-SHORAD) systems as well as aircraft, helicopters and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) over short ranges of up to 70 km. It is an all-weather system and can engage multiple targets simultaneously and be deployed over land and sea. Iron Dome is manufactured by Rafael…

15 May, 2021 Israel-Palestine conflict

After 2 decades, U.S. exits key Afghan base

After 2 decades, U.S. exits key Afghan base After nearly 20 years, the U.S. military left Bagram Airfield, the epicentre of its war to oust the Taliban and hunt down the al-Qaeda perpetrators of the 9/11 terrorist attacks on America. The airfield was handed over to the Afghan National Security and Defence Force in its entirety, they said on condition of anonymity. One of the officials also said the U.S. top commander in Afghanistan, General Austin S. Miller, “still retains all the capabilities and authorities to protect the forces.” U.S. President Joe Biden on Friday said the withdrawal of American…

03 July, 2021 Afghanistan

China’s population growth slows to slowest rate in decades

China’s population growth slows to the slowest rate in decades China’s once-in-a-decade population census has recorded a slowing population growth rate that will likely see China’s population peak — and be overtaken by India’s — by as early as 2025, experts said, with the number of births falling for the fourth consecutive year. The seventh census, released by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) in Beijing, noted that 12 million babies were born last year, the lowest number since 1961, a year when China was in the midst of a four-year famine unleashed by Mao Zedong’s Great Leap Forward policy…

12 May, 2021 China

Afghanistan crisis news

Afghanistan crisis news Taliban and Afghan ceasefire for Id-ul-Fitr The Taliban and the Afghan government on Monday declared a three-day ceasefire for this week’s Id-ul-Fitr holiday, following a sharp spike in violence as Washington goes about withdrawing its remaining troops from Afghanistan. Violence has soared since May 1 — the deadline missed by the U.S. to withdraw the last of its troops — and while the Taliban have avoided engaging American forces, attacks against government and civilian targets have not stopped. Id-ul-Fitr marks the end of the Muslim fasting month of Ramzan, and the holiday begins according to the sighting…

11 May, 2021 Afghanistan

China halts economic dialogue with Australia

China halts economic dialogue with Australia China cut off a channel for diplomatic and trade talks with Australia in a largely symbolic act of fury, following clashes over a wide range of issues, including human rights, espionage and the origins of COVID-19. Tensions between the two sides have soared since Canberra called last year for an independent probe into the origins of the pandemic and banned telecom giant Huawei from building Australia’s 5G network. China — Australia’s biggest trading partner — has already imposed tariffs or disrupted more than a dozen key industries, including wine, barley and coal, decimating exports.…

07 May, 2021 Australia

Indian Ocean Naval Symposium (IONS)

Indian Ocean Naval Symposium (IONS) The 7th edition of the Indian Ocean Naval Symposium (IONS), a biennial event, was hosted by the French Navy at La Réunion from 28 June to 01 July 2021. IONS, conceived by the Indian Navy in 2008, seeks to enhance maritime cooperation among Navies of the littoral states of the IOR by providing an open and inclusive forum for discussion of regionally relevant maritime issues that would lead to a common understanding of the way ahead. The chairmanship of IONS has been held by India (2008-10), UAE (2010-12), South Africa (2012-14), Australia (2014-16), Bangladesh (2016-18)…

02 July, 2021 Indian Ocean diplomacy

OPEC and India’s Oil imports

OPEC and India’s Oil imports About OPEC It is an intergovernmental organization of 13 nations, founded in 1960 in Baghdad by the first five members (Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela). HQ is in Vienna, Austria. It aims to manage the supply of oil in an effort to set the price of oil in the world market, in order to avoid fluctuations that might affect the economies of both producing and purchasing countries. The current OPEC members are the following: South America: Venezuela (Ecuador left). Africa: Nigeria, Algeria, Angola, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Libya, DRC Congo (joined in 2018). Asia: Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, UAE, Saudi Arabia (the De facto leader). Former OPEC members are Ecuador, Indonesia and Qatar. OPEC membership…

04 May, 2021 International Organizations

OPEC and OPEC+ Countries

OPEC and OPEC+ Countries About OPEC It is an intergovernmental organization of 13 nations, founded in 1960 in Baghdad by the first five members (Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela). HQ is in Vienna, Austria. It aims to manage the supply of oil in an effort to set the price of oil in the world market, in order to avoid fluctuations that might affect the economies of both producing and purchasing countries. The current OPEC members are the following: South America: Venezuela (Ecuador left). Africa: Nigeria, Algeria, Angola, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Libya, DRC Congo (joined in 2018). Asia: Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, UAE, Saudi Arabia (the De facto leader). Former OPEC members are Ecuador, Indonesia and Qatar. OPEC membership is…

30 June, 2021 International Organizations

JCPOA and IAEA

Iran Nuclear Deal and JCPOA Iran has informed the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) that it intends to produce uranium enriched to up to 20% purity, well beyond the threshold set by the 2015 Vienna accord, the UN nuclear watchdog said. Iran informed the agency of its intention to enrich uranium at a rate of up to 20% in its Fordow underground plant, to comply with a law recently passed by the Iranian Parliament. According to the latest report available from the UN agency, published in November, Tehran was enriching uranium to levels greater than the limit provided for in…

28 June, 2021 Iran

Two Child Policy of China failed! China to allow a third child!

Two Child Policy of China failed! China to allow a third child! China will for the first time allow couples to have a third child, in a further relaxation of family planning rules five years after a “two-child policy” largely failed to boost birth rates. The announcement followed a meeting of the 25-member Politburo, chaired by China’s President and Communist Party of China General Secretary Xi Jinping, “to hear reports on major policy measures to actively address the ageing of the population during the 14th Five-Year Plan period (2021-2025). The change comes less than three weeks after the release of…

01 June, 2021 China

Bhutan’s Tax Inspectors Without Borders (TIWB) launched in partnership with India

Bhutan’s Tax Inspectors Without Borders (TIWB) launched in partnership with India About Tax Inspectors Without Borders (TIWB) Programme The Tax Inspectors Without Borders (TIWB) Programme which is jointly launched by UNDP and OECD is intended to support developing countries to strengthen national tax administrations through building audit capacity and sharing this knowledge with other countries. The TIWB Programme aims to strengthen tax administrations of developing countries by transferring technical know-how and skills to their tax auditors and through the sharing of general audit practices and dissemination of knowledge products with them. The TIWB Programme complements the efforts of the international community…

24 June, 2021 Bhutan

Ranil Wickremesinghe returns to Sri Lankan Parliament

Ranil Wickremesinghe returns to Sri Lankan Parliament: Sri Lanka Civil War What is the news? Former Prime Minister of Sri Lanka Ranil Wickremesinghe returned to Parliament, 10 months after his United National Party (UNP) suffered its biggest electoral defeat in history. In the first intervention by his party in the current legislature, Mr Wickremesinghe slammed the Rajapaksa government on its economic policy that, he said, lacked a plan amid a crisis, and growing militarisation of civil services. Though the UNP didn’t win a single seat in the 2020 general election, it had enough cumulative votes to nominate one member under…

24 June, 2021 Sri Lanka

Shenzhou-12 Manned Mission of China

Shenzhou-12 Manned Mission of China Recently, a Chinese spaceship “Shenzhou-12” carrying a three-person crew docked with China’s new space station module Tianhe-1. The first group of Chinese astronauts entered the country’s under-construction space station, a major step in China’s plans to have a fully functioning station by next year. Shenzhou-12 spaceship, carrying the three astronauts, completed an “automated rendezvous and docking” with the Tianhe module. Shenzhou-12 was launched from the Jiuquan launch centre in the Gobi desert. The three-man crew will be in orbit for three months. This is the first of two manned space missions planned for this year,…

18 June, 2021 China

China- Taiwan issue

Taiwan reports the largest incursion by Chinese forces As many as 28 Chinese air force aircraft, including fighters and nuclear-capable bombers, entered Taiwan’s air defence identification zone (ADIZ) on Tuesday, the island’s government said. It is the largest reported incursion to date. Taiwan has complained over the last few months of repeated missions by China’s air force near the self-ruled island, concentrated in the southwestern part of its air defence zone near the Taiwan-controlled Pratas Islands. The latest Chinese mission involved 14 J-16 and six J-11 fighters, as well as four H-6 bombers, which can carry nuclear weapons, and anti-submarine,…

16 June, 2021 China

EUNAVFOR exercise: EU – India Joint Naval Exercise

EU – India Joint Naval Exercise The maiden Indian Navy and European Union Naval Force (EUNAVFOR) exercise began in the Gulf of Aden. Five warships from four navies are participating in the two-day exercise. INS Trikand is participating in the exercise, along with Italy’s ITS Carabiner, the Spanish Navy’s ESPS Navarra, and FS Tonnerre and FS Surcouf of France. On 18-19 June 2021, the EU and India conducted a joint naval exercise in the Gulf of Aden. The exercise involved Indian Navy frigate INS Trikand, EU NAVFOR Somalia - Operation Atalanta assets, including Italian frigate Carabiniere (Atalanta’s flagship) and Spanish…

19 June, 2021 Europe

EU – India Joint Naval Exercise

EU – India Joint Naval Exercise On 18-19 June 2021, the EU and India conducted a joint naval exercise in the Gulf of Aden namely the EUNAVFOR exercise. The exercise involved Indian Navy frigate INS Trikand, EU NAVFOR Somalia - Operation Atalanta assets, including Italian frigate Carabiniere (Atalanta’s flagship) and Spanish frigate Navarra, French frigate Surcouf and French amphibious assault helicopter carrier Tonnerre. The exercise was based on the scenario of an anti-piracy operation. It included cross-deck helicopter landings, complex tactical evolutions at sea, live firing, a night-time joint patrol and a naval parade in the high seas off the coast of…

22 June, 2021 Europe

Afghanistan crisis

Afghanistan crisis Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II- IR Taliban and Afghan forces clashed at Kunduz The Taliban and Afghan forces clashed on the outskirts of the strategic northern city of Kunduz, with the insurgents claiming to have captured three districts in the region in a week. The Taliban have launched major offensives targeting government forces since early May when the U.S. military began its final troop withdrawal, and claim to have seized more than 50 of the country’s 421 districts. Taliban claimed they had captured the Imam Sahib district of the province, the third to be taken in a…

22 June, 2021 Afghanistan

China Sri Lanka Friendship Hospital

China Sri Lanka Friendship Hospital President Gotabaya Rajapaksa inaugurated the China-Sri Lanka Friendship Hospital in Polonnaruwa, built with a Chinese grant of $60 million. The hospital, located in Sri Lanka’s North Central Province, will specialise in treating kidney ailments, a widely prevalent and recurring concern in the region, especially among farmers. For years now, residents of this agriculture-intensive area have been frequently diagnosed with a kidney disorder that the country’s medical experts have identified as Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu), a condition for which causal factors remain unknown. The hospital, said to be one of the largest in…

12 June, 2021 China OBOR

India’s demands of oxygen concentrators from China

India’s demands for oxygen concentrators from China India’s demands India has asked Chinese authorities to ensure prices for key medical supplies remain stable as costs for oxygen concentrators and other critical goods have surged on the back of rising demand. The supply chain should remain open and product prices should remain stable Since April, orders for at least 40,000 oxygen concentrators have been placed by Indian companies with Chinese firms, of which 21,000 have so far been delivered, along with more than 5,000 ventilators, 21 million face masks and 3,800 tons of medicines Inflated costs of oxygen concentrators Chinese media…

14 May, 2021 China

Kyrgyztan – Tajikistan border issues

Kyrgyztan – Tajikistan border issues What is the issue? The genesis of the issue lies in World History and the disintegration of the USSR. (Given below also) The latest conflict erupted when Tajik officials attempted to mount surveillance cameras to monitor the water supply facility in the Kok-Tash area amid the tensions over water distribution, and Kyrgyz residents opposed the move. Both sides began hurling stones at each other and troops quickly entered the fray. Kok-Tash is an area which is claimed by both Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan and has a water supply facility. This dispute is dating back decades to…

01 May, 2021 Central Asia

India-UK virtual summit strengthens STI cooperation

India-UK virtual summit strengthens STI cooperation India and UK agreed on a common vision of a new and transformational Comprehensive Strategic Partnership between the UK and India and adopted an ambitious India-UK Roadmap to 2030 to steer cooperation for the next 10 years. Some of the key points to strengthen STI cooperation between two countries are: Enhance cooperation between India and the UK on strengthening the role of women in STEMM at schools, universities, and research institutions and creating an enabling environment for equal participation of women in STEM disciplines through collaboration on new initiatives like Gender Advancement for Transforming…

08 May, 2021 Britain

India – Sri Lanka issues

India – Sri Lanka issues The tragic death of four fishermen from Tamil Nadu — one of them a Sri Lankan Tamil refugee living in India — allegedly when the Sri Lankan Navy was about to arrest them last week, is yet another instance of the unresolved fisheries conflict in the Palk Bay taking an unacceptable toll of lives. India has lodged a strong protest with the Sri Lankan authorities, who have set up a committee to find a permanent solution to the incursions by Indian fishermen. It was less than a month ago that the two countries resumed discussions…

06 May, 2021 Sri Lanka

Exercise Khanjar- exercise between India and Kyrgyzstan

Exercise Khanjar- exercise between India and Kyrgyzstan India and Kyrgyzstan Special Forces have started a military exercise named Exercise Khanjar in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. About Exercise Khanjar Exercise Khanjar is a Joint Special Forces Military Exercise between India and Kyrgyzstan. The exercise was started in the year 2011. This is the Eighth Edition of the Exercise. The exercise aims to boost the strategic partnership between India and Kyrgyzstan. It also focuses on high-altitude, mountains and counter-extremism drills. Other Exercises by Special Forces of India: Exercise Vajra Prahar is a Special Forces joint military exercise between India and the US. This exercise…

23 April, 2021 India and its neighborhood

EU’s Indo-Pacific Strategy approved by EU Council

EU’s Indo-Pacific Strategy approved by EU Council The Council of the European Union has approved the EU’s Indo-Pacific Strategy for cooperation in the Indo-Pacific. About EU Indo-Pacific Strategy: The Indo-Pacific region spans from the east coast of Africa to the Pacific Island States with the world’s two most populous countries & economies — India and China. The strategy aims to contribute to the stability, security, prosperity, and sustainable development of the Indo-Pacific Region. The basis of strategy is the promotion of democracy, rule of law, human rights, and international law. Key Features of the Strategy: Security and Defence: The strategy…

21 April, 2021 Europe

China-Iran increasing ties

China-Iran increasing ties GS-Paper-2: International issue and Political science Optional – UPSC PRELIMS – Mains Application Context: China and Iran have signed a 25-year "strategic cooperation pact” which includes "political-economic and strategic components". The agreement comes as a major push from China to back Iran to deal with the continuing weight of sanctions reinstated by the US after its withdrawal from the Iranian nuclear deal. In this context, it is very important for India to redesign its strategy in West Asia and the Indian Ocean.   News: It will deepen relations between Iran and China and would establish a blueprint for "reciprocal investments in…

01 April, 2021 China OBOR

India on US’s Currency Watch list

India on US’s Currency Watch list The US treasury places India along with 10 other countries on its currency watch list. What is Currency Manipulator: Current Manipulators are countries engaging in “unfair currency practices” by deliberately devaluing their currency against the dollar. The practice would mean that the country in question is artificially lowering the value of its currency. By that, it aims to gain an unfair advantage over others. This is because the devaluation would reduce the cost of exports from that country. Thus, more exports will result in a reduction in trade deficits. Criteria: the US places a country…

18 April, 2021 U.S.A

India-UK agree for Nirav Modi's Extradition to India

India-UK agree for Nirav Modi's Extradition to India The U.K.’s Home Department has recently approved the extradition of Nirav Modi to India in connection with the Punjab National Bank (PNB) fraud. About Extradition: Extradition is the formal process of surrendering an individual from one state to another state. The aim of the process is prosecution or punishment for crimes committed by an individual in the requesting country’s jurisdiction. The extradition of a fugitive from India to a foreign country or vice-versa is governed by the provisions of the Indian Extradition Act, 1962. Consular, Passport & Visa (CPV) Division, Ministry of…

19 April, 2021 Bilateral groupings and agreements

US imposed sanctions on Russia

The US imposed sanctions on Russia The United States announced sanctions against Russia on Thursday and the expulsion of 10 diplomats in retaliation for what Washington says is the Kremlin’s U.S. election interference, a massive cyberattack and other hostile activity. President Joe Biden’s broadside against Russia came the same week as he offered to meet President Vladimir Putin for their first summit. In an executive order, Mr Biden widened restrictions on U.S. banks trading in Russian government debt, expelled 10 diplomats who include alleged spies, and blacklisted 32 individuals accused of meddling in the 2020 presidential election. Mr Biden’s order…

16 April, 2021 International issues

Raisina Dialogue 2021

Raisina Dialogue 2021 What is Raisina Dialogue? It is a multilateral conference held annually in New Delhi, India. Since its inception in 2016, the conference has emerged as India’s flagship conference on geopolitics and geo-economics. The conference is hosted by the Observer Research Foundation, an independent think tank, in collaboration with the Ministry of External Affairs of India. The conference is structured as a multi-stakeholder, cross-sectoral discussion, involving a variety of global policymakers including heads of state, cabinet ministers and local government officials. It also welcomes major private sector executives, as well as members of the media and academia. It…

14 April, 2021 Bilateral groupings and agreements

2021- Raisina Dialogue

2021- Raisina Dialogue The Prime Minister delivered a video address at the Inaugural Session of the Raisina Dialogue. About Raisina Dialogue: Raisina Dialogue is an annual multilateral conference on geopolitics and geoeconomics. The Ministry of External Affairs and the Observer Research Foundation have been jointly organizing it since 2016. The conference discusses cooperation on the most challenging international policy matters. It involves a variety of global policymakers including heads of state, cabinet ministers, and local government officials. In addition, the Dialogue also welcomes major private sector executives, as well as members of the media and academia. The design of the…

16 April, 2021 International issues

China – Sri Lanka relations

China – Sri Lanka relations China on Monday signed a $500 million loan agreement with Sri Lanka, in a move that Colombo hopes would boost its foreign reserves that are under severe strain since the pandemic struck last year. This is the second instalment of the $1 billion loan sought by Sri Lanka last year. The first was released in March 2020, just as the pandemic hit Sri Lanka. The approval comes a month after Sri Lanka obtained a currency swap facility from China for $1.5 billion. Meanwhile, the Beijing-based Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) also sanctioned Sri Lanka’s request…

13 April, 2021 India and its neighborhood

Afghanistan crisis for UPSC

Afghanistan crisis for UPSC Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II- IR  Historical Background The Saur Revolution had taken place in Afghanistan in 1978 which installed a communist party in power. Nur Muhammad Taraki became the head of the state replacing the previous president Daoud Khan. Taraki’s government introduced many modernisation reforms that were considered too radical and left them unpopular, especially in the rural areas and with the traditional power structures. The communist government also had a policy of brutally suppressing all opposition. Even unarmed civilians opposing the government were not spared. This led to the rise of various anti-government armed groups in the country. The government itself…

12 April, 2021 Afghanistan

China – Pakistan relations

China – Pakistan relations In a joint statement, the two countries said they would “firmly safeguard multilateralism and support the central role of the United Nations in international affairs.” China and Pakistan have pledged to back each other’s “core and major interests” in the United Nations after holding bilateral consultations on UN affairs. Both countries, which describe their relationship officially as one of “all-weather partners” and “iron brothers”, have in recent months stepped in to provide crucial support to the other on issues they see as sensitive, with Beijing raising the Kashmir issue at the UN Security Council and Islamabad…

10 April, 2021 India and its neighborhood

17th BIMSTEC Summit- Key Talking Points

17th BIMSTEC Summit- Key Talking Points India’s External Affairs Minister recently attended the 17th ministerial meet of the BIMSTEC (Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation) countries. About the Ministerial Meet: Sri Lanka Chaired the 17th Ministerial Meeting. Dr. S. Jaishankar reiterated India’s commitment to take BIMSTEC forward. About BIMSTEC: BIMSTEC is a regional organization consisting of members from South Asia and South-East Asia. It was founded in 1997 through the Bangkok Declaration. The organization aims to harness mutual cooperation in multiple areas by using regional resources and geographical advantage. It comprises seven Member States: Five from South Asia including…

03 April, 2021 Bilateral groupings and agreements

President Biden Revokes Immigrant Ban

President Biden Revokes Immigrant Ban In 2020 the US President imposed a ban on H-1B visas. The current US President decided to reverse the ban & allowed a 2020 ban to expire on March 31st. About the 2020 H1-B Visa Ban: In 2020, the previous US President signed an executive order suspending the entry of H-1B and other foreign work visa holders. This decision was to protect American jobs after the Covid-19 pandemic impacts. However, the ban did not have its intended impact. Why was it allowed to expire? H-1B visa allows cheap labour in the US, they are beneficial to…

03 April, 2021 U.S.A

Heart of Asia Peace Conference

Heart of Asia Peace Conference India’s Foreign Minister is attending the 9th ministerial conference of the Heart of Asia – Istanbul Process in Dushanbe, Tajikistan.  About Heart of Asia-Istanbul Process: It is a regional initiative of Afghanistan and the Republic of Turkey. It was launched in November 2011 in Istanbul, Turkey. The process aims to promote economic and political cooperation for Afghanistan's peace through dialogue and confidence-building measures (CBMs). The platform comprises 15 participating countries, 17 supporting countries, and 12 supporting regional and international organizations. India is one of the participating countries. Other participating countries are Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, China, India, Iran, Kazakhstan,…

01 April, 2021 South Asia

Heart of Asia Conference: Afghanistan crisis

Heart of Asia Conference: Afghanistan crisis Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II- IR  Historical Background The Saur Revolution had taken place in Afghanistan in 1978 which installed a communist party in power. Nur Muhammad Taraki became the head of the state replacing the previous president Daoud Khan. Taraki’s government introduced many modernisation reforms that were considered too radical and left them unpopular, especially in the rural areas and with the traditional power structures. The communist government also had a policy of brutally suppressing all opposition. Even unarmed civilians opposing the government were not spared. This led to the rise of various anti-government armed groups in the country. The…

31 March, 2021 Afghanistan

Afghanistan peace talks

Afghanistan Crisis- US TALIBAN DEAL Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II- IR  Historical Background The Saur Revolution had taken place in Afghanistan in 1978 which installed a communist party in power. Nur Muhammad Taraki became the head of the state replacing the previous president Daoud Khan. Taraki’s government introduced many modernisation reforms that were considered too radical and left them unpopular, especially in the rural areas and with the traditional power structures. The communist government also had a policy of brutally suppressing all opposition. Even unarmed civilians opposing the government were not spared. This led to the rise of various anti-government armed groups in the country. The government…

28 December, 2020 Afghanistan

Mitali Express between India & Bangladesh

Mitali Express between India & Bangladesh PM Modi & Bangladesh PM Sheikh Hasina inaugurated a passenger train between Dhaka, and New Jalpaiguri. It will strengthen the people-to-people connectivity & connect Dhaka cantonment and New Jalpaiguri on the Chilhati-Haldibari train link. About Mitali Express: The Chilhati-Haldibari train link is a significant one as it connects north Bangladesh with north Bengal. Other Key Events: On the occasion of the birth centenary of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Prime Minister of Bangladesh Sheikh Hasina presented a gold and silver coin to PM Modi. Sheikh Hasina also handed over a silver coin to Prime Minister Modi which…

30 March, 2021 Bangladesh

20th Amendment of Sri Lankan Parliament

20th Amendment of Sri Lankan Parliament Key points It envisages expansive powers and greater immunity for the Executive President. The Amendment rolls back Sri Lanka’s 19th Amendment, a 2015 legislation that sought to clip presidential powers while strengthening Parliament. The new legislation in turn reduces the Prime Minister’s role to a ceremonial one. 19th Amendment Act The reduction in the terms of the President and Parliament from six years to five years. Re-introduction of a two-term limit that a person can have as President. The power of the President to dissolve Parliament only after four and a half years. The revival…

30 March, 2021 Sri Lanka

P2P rally in Sri Lanka

P2P rally in Sri Lanka Introduction After months of restricted movement due to the pandemic, it was the first instance of several thousand people taking to the streets to assert their rights. Details of the March The ‘Pothuvil to Polikandy’ rally or ‘P2P’, began in the eastern Ampara district and ended in Jaffna in the Northern Province, covering several towns en route. Prominent Tamil and Muslim politicians, activists, students, and residents took part in the march. This march was headed by Rasamanickam, a legislator from the Tamil National Alliance (TNA), from the eastern Batticaloa district. Key concerns of the rally:…

30 March, 2021 Sri Lanka

Traffic Suspension in Suez Canal

Traffic Suspension in Suez Canal A 400 m long “Ever Given vessel” blocked the Suez Canal. The ship blocked the canal due to a lack of visibility created by bad weather and a sand storm. So temporarily the traffic is suspended. About the Suez Canal: Suez Canal is a sea-level waterway running north-south across the Isthmus of Suez in Egypt to connect the Mediterranean and the Red seas. The canal separates the African continent from Asia. Significance: Suez Canal is actually the first canal that directly links the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea. The Suez Canal is also important because it…

27 March, 2021 Religion and diplomacy

Yemen Crisis: Saudi presented a peace initiative

Yemen Crisis: Saudi presented a peace initiative In the aftermath of the Yemen crisis, now Saudi Arabia presented a new peace initiative to end the war in Yemen, which would include a nationwide ceasefire under UN supervision and the reopening of air and sea links, the kingdom’s Foreign Minister said. The initiative includes the reopening of Sana'a airport and would allow fuel and food imports through Hodeidah port, both of which are controlled by Riyadh’s enemies, the Iran-aligned Houthi movement. Political negotiations between the Saudi-backed government and the Houthis would be restarted, said Prince Faisal bin Farhan Al Saud. “The initiative…

23 March, 2021 West Asia

Russia-China relations

Russia-China relations Russia’s relations with China were currently at “the best in their entire history”, Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said as he began a key visit to China on Monday. The visit comes shortly after the China-U.S. dialogue in Alaska and follows the first leaders’ summit of the Quad — India, Australia, Japan and the U.S. — held virtually.   “In response, Russia and China are promoting a constructive and unifying agenda and hope that the international governance system would be fair and democratic, run smoothly and be based on extensive interaction between countries and their integration initiatives,” the official…

23 March, 2021 China

World Summit on the Information Society Forum 2021

World Summit on the Information Society Forum 2021 Union Minister of Telecom has represented India at the World Summit on the Information Society Forum 2021.  About World Summit on the Information Society Forum 2021: It is one of the world’s largest annual gatherings of the ‘ICT for the development community. WSI's chief aim is to bridge the global digital divide separating rich countries from poor countries. The WSIS aims to achieve this by increasing internet accessibility in the developing world. The summit is co-organized by International Telecommunication Union(ITU), UNESCO, UNDP and UNCTAD. About International Telecommunication Union: ITU is the United Nations…

24 March, 2021 International Organizations

Sealing of India's Border with Myanmar

Sealing of India's Border with Myanmar India has sealed all entry points along the India-Myanmar border to prevent any Myanmar nationals from entering the country. To curb civil disobedience movements Junta ruled Myanmar following stringent methods like shooting the public, night raids on protesters' homes, etc. Due to this the Myanmar nationals have crossed into India and sought refuge. Hence, to stop this illegal migration India-Myanmar border has been closed. The border between India and Myanmar is unfenced, and completely blocking is not feasible due to tough terrain. India-Myanmar Border Myanmar also known as Burma is in South East Asia. It shares…

23 March, 2021 India and its neighborhood

United Nation's World Happiness Report 2021

United Nation's World Happiness Report 2021 World Happiness Report 2021 has been released. It evaluates levels of happiness by accounting factors such as GDP, social support, personal freedom, and levels of corruption in each nation.  About World Happiness Report: It is an annual report published by the United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN). It ranks countries by how happy their citizens perceive themselves to be. The 2021 edition focuses on the effects of COVID-19 and how people all over the world have fared. The survey used the Gallup World Poll that asked people to vote on three indicators: Life Evaluations: Under this, people…

23 March, 2021 International Organizations

Pabbi-Antiterror-2021 – SCO’s Joint Anti-Terrorism Exercise

Pabbi-Antiterror-2021 – SCO’s Joint Anti-Terrorism Exercise India, Pakistan, China and other members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) will hold a joint anti-terrorism exercise called “Pabbi-Antiterror-2021”. About Exercise Pabbi-Antiterror-2021: It was announced during the 36th meeting of the Council of the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) held in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Purpose is to improve cooperation between the competent authorities of the SCO member states. Further, helping them in identifying and suppressing channels that finance terrorist activities. About SCO: Shanghai Cooperation Organisation is a permanent intergovernmental international organisation founded in 2001. It was founded by Kazakhstan, China, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. Members:…

23 March, 2021 International Organizations

Turkey Withdraws from Istanbul Convention

Turkey Withdraws from Istanbul Convention Turkey withdraws from the Istanbul Convention - to combat violence against women. About Istanbul Convention: Istanbul Convention is also called the Council of Europe Convention. It aims towards preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence. The convention was adopted in 2011. It came into force in 2014. Once ratified the Convention is legally binding on the country. It is the first legally-binding instrument that creates a comprehensive legal framework and approach to combat violence against women. As of March 2019, it has been signed by 45 countries and the European Union. About Council…

23 March, 2021 West Asia

Myanmar coup-The way forward

Myanmar coup-The way forward Introduction The Myanmar junta should heed the people and respect the election results Background of the coup Ever since the military captured power in Myanmar seven weeks ago, the country has steadily descended into political and economic chaos. When the Generals toppled the democratically elected government, detained its leaders, including State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi and President Win Myint, and declared a state of emergency with prohibitory orders, they may have thought that they could quickly consolidate power through force. But they were proved wrong as tens of thousands of people stood up against the…

23 March, 2021 South East Asia

India - US Relations UPSC

India - US Relations UPSC Introduction India - US relations have developed into a "global strategic partnership", based on shared democratic values and increasing convergence of interests on bilateral, regional and global issues. The emphasis placed by the Government in India on development and good governance has created an opportunity to reinvigorate bilateral ties and enhance cooperation under the motto --- “ChaleinSaathSaath: Forward Together We Go”, and "SanjhaPrayas, Sab ka Vikas" (Shared Effort, Progress for All) adopted during the first two summits of Prime Minister Modi and President Obama in September 2014 and January 2015 respectively. The summit level joint statement…

11 January, 2022 U.S.A

EU Joins Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure Initiative

EU Joins Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure Initiative The 27-member European Union joins the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI) initiative. About Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure Initiative: The Prime Minister of India launched it in 2019 at the UN Climate Change Summit. It is a multi-stakeholder global partnership of national governments, UN agencies, multilateral development banks, the private sector, and academic and knowledge institutions. It aims to promote the resilience of new and existing infrastructure systems to climate and disaster risks. It also supports sustainable development. The Governing Council is the highest policy-making body of the CDRI. It is co-chaired…

20 March, 2021 Bilateral groupings and agreements

Joint Rivers Commission framework

Joint Rivers Commission framework India-Bangladesh Water Resources Secretary-level meeting held under the Joint Rivers Commission framework. Key Takeaways: India and Bangladesh share 54 common rivers. Hence, both the countries agreed to expand cooperation on water resources-related issues. For this, a Joint Technical Working Group will be set up to provide input on the cooperation. About Joint Rivers Commission Framework The Joint River Commission Framework was constituted under the Indo-Bangla Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation, and Peace, signed in 1972. It was established with a view of maintaining communication systems between 2 countries. The commission is headed by Water Resources Ministers of both…

19 March, 2021 Bangladesh

Alaska meet (U.S-China summit)

Alaska meet (U.S-China summit) Introduction This news talks about Alaska's meeting to be held between the USA and China, the areas of contention between them and its impact on the world economy. Areas of contention between USA and China The meeting comes on the back of tensions that spiralled during the Trump administration around trade tariffs, 5G telecommunication, tech espionage, Chinese maritime actions and U.S. sanctions on China, and further exacerbated over the pandemic, which Mr Trump called the “China virus”. Biden administration officials have said that they will bring up China’s crackdown in Xinjiang and Hong Kong, Chinese aggression…

19 March, 2021 Indo Pacific Region

Data related to USA and INDIA

Trade between India and USA I-USA Bilateral trade in goods and services desired goal is $500 billion.  In the five years to 2019, bilateral trade grew at an aCAGR of 7.7% per year to $146 billion. If the same rate of growth is maintained, the$500 billion targets will be achieved by 2036. To ensure this, theCAGR of India should be set at 11.9%.

19 March, 2021 U.S.A

U.K. turns to Indo – Pacific in post-Brexit foreign policy

The U.K. turns to Indo – Pacific in post-Brexit foreign policy What is Indo Pacific? The term Indo Pacific was first time used by Shinzo Abe in Japan in 2007.   The “Indo-Pacific” idea was originally conceived in 2006- 07. One of the reasons behind the popularity of this term is an understanding that the Indian Ocean and the Pacific are linked strategic theatres. Also, the centre of gravity has shifted to Asia. The reason is maritime routes, the Indian Ocean and the Pacific provide the sea lanes. The majority of the world’s trade passes through these oceans. There was a…

17 March, 2021 Indo Pacific Region

Sri Lanka Civil War

Sri Lanka Civil War Background The majority of Sri Lankans are ethnic Sinhalese, a group of Indo-European peoples that had migrated to the island from northern India in the BC 500s (during Mauryan Empire). The Sinhalese had contacts with the Tamils who were settled in the southern part of the Indian subcontinent. A major migration of the Tamils occurred between the 7th and the 11thcenturies CE especially during Cholas (Rajaraja Chola and Rajendra Chola). Britishers are the historical reason for Sri Lanka Civil War. When the British started ruling the country in 1815, the approximate population of the Sinhalese was…

14 March, 2021 Sri Lanka

Quad Virtual Summit-2021

Quad Virtual Summit-2021 Introduction The virtual summit that brought together leaders of the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue, or Quad has countered the popular perception that the Quad is merely a “talk-shop”. Details of the summit The outcomes include a vaccine initiative and joint working groups to cooperate on critical technology as well as climate change. Vaccine Initiative: The vaccine initiative comes with an ambitious deadline: a billion vaccines by the end of 2022, made in India with U.S. technology, Japanese funding and Australian distribution networks to reach as many Indo-Pacific countries as possible. Emission reduction: The four Quad countries will ensure…

15 March, 2021 Indo Pacific Region

NAM Summit

What is Non- A aligned Movement? The non-Aligned Movement is an idea that emerged in 1950. NAM is the second-largest platform globally in terms of country membership after the UN with more than 120 members. Evolution of NAM: During the 1950s, the world was emerging out of the long, dark period of colonialism. Newly independent nations dreamed they could make their way in this new world without inclining to either of the big powers. The United States and the Soviet Union went into Cold War so to avoid obtaining Bipolarity, a third front was sought. The co-founders were India’s Jawaharlal…

02 February, 2021 NAM

Virtual Quad Summit

Virtual Quad Summit The first-ever leadership Quad summit was held virtually. Key Takeaways The leaders have called for a free and open Indo-Pacific backed by democratic values, and not by coercion. The leaders have also pledged to promote a free, open rules-based order, rooted in international. About Quad summit: The quad summit is the strategic dialogue between 4  India, the United States, Japan, and Australia. The grouping traces its genesis to 2004 when the four countries came together to coordinate relief operations in the aftermath of the tsunami. However, the idea of the Quad summit was initiated in 2007 by…

13 March, 2021 Indo Pacific Region

India Not Part of Troika-plus-Pakistan Conference

India Not Part of Troika-plus-Pakistan Conference Russia has planned to hold a Troika-plus-Pakistan conference on Afghanistan in Moscow, Russia. About the Troika-plus-Pakistan Conference: Troika-plus-Pakistan meeting involves consultations between the US, Russia, China, Pakistan along with the representatives of the Afghanistan government, Taliban, and other senior Afghan leaders. The meeting is expected to discuss ways to assist in advancing the intra-Afghan talks in Doha. It aims to reduce the level of violence and to end the armed conflict in Afghanistan. Why was India excluded from the conference? Troika process is an already established mechanism. There was no deliberate attempt to leave…

12 March, 2021 Bilateral groupings and agreements

China’s dams on Brahmaputra

China’s dams in the Brahmaputra The 14th FYP (2021-25) of China has given the go-ahead for a Chinese hydropower company to construct the first downstream hydropower project on the lower reaches of the river Brahmaputra. About the Project: The state-owned hydropower company POWERCHINA signed a strategic cooperation agreement with the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) government to implement hydropower exploitation downstream of the Yarlung Zangbo river as part of the new Five Year Plan (2021-2025). This will be the first time the downstream sections of the river will be tapped. However, the location of the planned project has not been mentioned…

12 March, 2021 India and its neighborhood

US-Afghanistan Doha Peace Talks

US-Afghanistan Doha Peace Talks The U.S Secretary of State has confirmed the US intention to fully withdraw all forces from Afghanistan as per the Doha Agreement. About Doha Agreement: In 2020, the United States signed a historic deal with the Taliban. aiming to end the 18-year-war in Afghanistan The deal was signed in Doha (Qatar) and thus termed as Doha Agreement. The key features of the Doha agreement are: Troops Withdrawal: The US will withdraw its troops from Afghanistan. Further, the NATO or coalition troop numbers will also be brought down simultaneously. At last, all the troops will be out of Afghanistan…

11 March, 2021 International issues

Exercise Dustlik-II between India and Uzbekistan

Exercise Dustlik-II between India and Uzbekistan Exercise Dustlik-II between India and Uzbekistan will be held in Uttarakhand from March 10 to 19. About Exercise Dustlik-II: Exercise Dustlik is a military exercise between the Indian Army and Uzbekistan Army. First Edition: The first edition of the Exercise Dustlik was held in 2019 at Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Aim: The aim of the exercise is strengthening Counter Insurgency (CI) and Counter-Terrorism (CT) operations. Especially in mountainous, rural and urban scenarios under United Nations(UN) mandate. Other key Focus Areas of Exercise Dustlik: During the exercise, the Indian Army will share the experiences and lessons it has gained in…

11 March, 2021 Bilateral groupings and agreements

Covid-19 Vaccine Passport

Covid-19 Vaccine Passport What is a Covid-19 vaccine passport? A vaccination pass or passport is documentation proving that the individual has been vaccinated against Covid-19. As more people are inoculated, there will likely be aspects of public life in which only people who have been vaccinated are allowed to participate. In order to travel internationally, government and health authorities will need to know if you have been vaccinated or have tested negative for the virus.

10 March, 2021 International issues

Dams on Brahmaputra River Cleared in China's 5-Year Plan

Dams on Brahmaputra River Cleared in China's 5-Year Plan A draft of 14th China’s new Five-Year Plan (2021-2025) has permitted the first dams to be built on the lower basin of the Yarlung Zangbo river (Brahmaputra’s name in Tibet) before it flows into India. It calls for building a hydropower base on the lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo river and clean energy bases in the Jinsha River. Jinsha River is the upper course of the Yangtze river in western China. The project is also listed along with the Sichuan-Tibet railway and the national water network. Brahmaputra River System   Region…

10 March, 2021 China

OPEC+ Countries

OPEC+ Countries The non-OPEC countries which export crude oil along with the 14 OPECs are termed as OPEC plus countries. OPEC plus countries = Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Brunei, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mexico, Oman, Russia, South Sudan, and Sudan. India is not a member of OPEC + countries. OPEC member countries produce about 40 percent of the world’s crude oil. Equally important to global prices, OPEC’s oil exports represent about 60 per cent of the total petroleum traded internationally. Saudi and Russia had a three-year alliance of oil producers known as OPEC Plus — which now includes 11 OPEC members and 10 non-OPEC nations — that aims…

09 March, 2021 International Organizations

Types of Visas Granted by the US Administration

Types of Visas Granted by the US Administration To fill a vacuum of highly-skilled low-cost employees in IT and other related domains, the US administration issues a certain number of visas each year which allows companies from outside the US to send their employees to work on client sites. When a person travels to the US with a non-immigrant visa, then he/she has to depart from the US by the date of visa expiration. It allows one to work for a specific employer only.  H1B Visa It is most popular among Indian IT companies. Issued for a period of 3…

09 March, 2021 USA

Loya Jirga- The National Gathering in Afghanistan

Loya Jirga- The National Gathering in Afghanistan What is Loya Jirga? It is a mass national gathering that brings together representatives from the various ethnic, religious, and tribal communities in Afghanistan. It is a highly respected centuries-old consultative body that has been convened at times of national crisis or to settle national issues. According to the Afghan Constitution, a Loya Jirga is considered the highest expression of the Afghan people. It is not an official decision-making body and its decisions are not legally binding. However, Loya Jirga's decision is seen as final, with the president and parliament expected to respect the ruling.

09 March, 2021 Afghanistan

Recent India-Srilanka Defence Exercise

Recent India-Srilanka Defence Exercise A team of 4 Sarang Advance Light Helicopters, Surya Kiran (Hawks), Tejas Fighter Aircraft and the Dornier Maritime Patrol Aircraft from India were in Sri Lanka this week, to participate Historical background: During Sri Lanka’s over three decade-civil war, India has played a crucial role, politically and at times, using its military. India launched ‘Operation Poomalai’ in 1987 — when the Indian Air Force dropped food supplies in Jaffna. Other Indian Operations in the Past: Operation Polo 1948 Indian armed forces ended the rule of the Nizam of Hyderabad and led to the incorporation of the princely state of…

07 March, 2021 Sri Lanka

International North-South Transport Corridor

International North-South Transport Corridor Context India’s Foreign Minister addresses the Chabahar Day event organized at the Maritime India Summit.  During the address, the minister put forward the proposal with respect to INSTC (International North-South Transport Corridor): Inclusion of Chabahar Port in the International North-South Transport Corridor(INSTC). Expansion of the INSTC membership by including Afghanistan and Uzbekistan. About the International North-South Transport Corridor(INSTC): INSTC was first proposed in 2000 to improve connectivity between Russia, Central Asian states, and India. Route: It is a 7,200-km-long multi-modal connectivity project to establish transport networks (ship, rail, and road route). It will be used for moving freight between…

06 March, 2021 India and Iran

China to build dams on Brahmaputra River

China is building dams in the Yarlung Zangbo river A draft of China’s new Five-Year Plan (2021-2025), which is set to be formally approved, has given the green light for the first dams to be built on the lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo river, as the Brahmaputra is known in Tibet before it flows into India. The draft outline of the new Five-Year Plan (FYP) for 2025 and “long-range objectives through the year 2035”, submitted before the National People’s Congress (NPC), China’s ceremonial legislature, on Friday, specifically mentions the building of hydropower bases on the lower reaches of the river…

08 March, 2021 China OBOR

UN Investment Promotion award to Invest India

UN Investment Promotion award to Invest India Context in Current Affairs: The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) recently declared “Invest India” as the winner of the United Nations Investment Promotion Award, 2020. The award recognizes the outstanding achievements of investment promotion agencies spread all over the world. Around 180 such agencies were shortlisted for the award in 2020. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNCTAD deals with trade, investment and development issues. The main goal of the organization is to maximize trade and investment. It was established in 1964. It releases reports such as Trade and Development…

15 December, 2020 International Organizations

Joe Biden inaugurated as 46th US President, Kamala Harris sworn-in as first female US Vice President

Joe Biden inaugurated as the 46th US President, and Kamala Harris sworn in as first female US Vice President Joe Biden was sworn in as the 46th President of the United States in the 59th inauguration ceremony at the West Front of the US Capitol on January 20, 2021. He is the oldest US President to take the oath, as he turned 78 years old in November 2020.  Kamala Harris also created history by becoming the first female, African-American and Asian-American to be sworn in as Vice President of the United States. Her husband Doung Emhoff has become the first-ever 'second gentlemen' of the…

21 January, 2021 USA

Indian activist gets U.S’ International Anti-corruption Champions Award

Indian activist gets U.S’ International Anti-corruption Champions Award About Anjali Bhardwaj She is a 48-year-old activist who is also the founder of ‘Satark Nagrik Sangathan (SNS)’. SNS is a citizens’ group that promotes transparency and accountability in government and also encourages the active participation of citizens. She has also served as an active member in the “Right to Information Movement” in India. She is a convener of the National Campaign for People’s’ Right to Information. This campaign resulted in the establishment of an anti-corruption ombudsman and the Whistleblowers’ Protection Act.

08 January, 2021 Awards

Preeti Sinha- To lead United Nations Capital Development Fund

Preeti Sinha- To lead United Nations Capital Development, Fund The United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF) has appointed Preeti Sinha as its Executive Secretary. She is an Indian-origin investment and development banker. Highlights The executive secretary will work with her focus on providing micro-finance assistance to women, youth, and small and medium-sized enterprises belonging to the underserved communities. The Executive Secretary is the highest leadership rank in the UNCDF. About United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF) The UNCDF was established in the year 1966, by the United Nations General Assembly to promote economic development across the world. It is headquartered in New…

12 December, 2020 International Organizations

Ngozi Okonjo- Iweala of Nigeria becomes first female chief of WTO

Ngozi Okonjo- Iweala of Nigeria becomes the first female chief of the WTO The former Finance Minister of Nigeria, Ngozi Okonjo- Iweala has become the next Chief of the World Trade Organisation. She will hold the position from March 1, 2021, to August 31, 2025. Okonjo- Iweala has become the first woman and African to hold the position at WTO. About Ngozi Okonjo- Iweala: The 66 years old Ngozi Okonjo- Iweala is trained as a development economist. In her home country Nigeria, she was the first female Foreign Minister as well as held the position of Finance Minister twice.  

06 January, 2021 International Organizations

Quad Group and India

Quad Group and India What is Quad grouping? Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad) is the informal strategic dialogue between India, the USA, Japan and Australia with a shared objective to support a “free, open and prosperous” Indo-Pacific region, that China seeks to threaten. The manner of China’s dismissal of the Arbitral Award in the dispute with the Philippines on the South China Sea, militarisation of the islands in the region and individual conflicts with Quad countries have once again brought the four countries onto the same page and given a second chance to the Quad. Engaging with Quad may serve two…

06 March, 2021 Indo Pacific Region

Concept of Product Graduation

Concept of Product Graduation in EU's Generalized System of Preferences Product graduation is a concept that applies when average imports of a product from a beneficiary country exceed 17.5% of EU-GSP imports of the same product from all beneficiary countries over 3 years. India’s exports such as textiles, inorganic and organic chemicals, gems and jewellery, iron, steel and their articles, base metals and automotives are out of the ambit of EU-GSP benefits now.

05 March, 2021 International issues

Political & Humanitarian Crisis in Ethiopia- Important Relevant Facts

Political & Humanitarian Crisis in Ethiopia- Important Relevant Facts It is a landlocked country. The Horn of Africa houses the countries of  Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia and Somalia. The Tigray people make up roughly 6% of the population, while the Oromos have a 34% share and the Amharas 27%. The Oromos have alleged marginalisation and called for better representation. India-Ethiopia Relations Ethiopia is one of the largest recipients of long term concessional credit from India in Africa. Lines of Credit worth more than USD1 billion have been sanctioned to Ethiopia for sectors such as rural electrification, sugar industry and railways. Tele-Education and Tele-Medicine services under the Pan Africa e-Network Project were…

04 March, 2021 African Countries

West Container Terminal to be Constructed Jointly by India-SL-Japan

West Container Terminal to be Constructed Jointly by India-SL-Japan The Sri Lankan Cabinet has approved a proposal to develop Colombo Port’s West Container Terminal(WCT) under a joint venture with India and Japan. Note: This proposal comes after Sri Lanka pulled out of the 2019 tripartite agreement with India and Japan to develop the East Container Terminal (ECT). About the West Container Terminal(WCT) Project: Location: The West Container Terminal(WCT) is strategically located next to a Chinese-run Colombo International Container Terminal(CICT). Model: The terminal will be developed on a Build, Operate and Transfer(BOT) model for a period of 35 years. Investors: For the project, Sri Lanka…

04 March, 2021 Sri Lanka

Military coup in Myanmar

The military coup in Myanmar Introduction The military, which had shared power with Aung San Suu Kyi’s National League for Democracy (NLD) for five years, orchestrated the coup on February 1, hours before the country’s newly elected Parliament, in which the NLD had a huge majority, was set to convene. Details The military, which controlled Myanmar through direct rule for almost 50 years since independence from Britain in 1948, has now deployed the familiar repressive tactics. Tatmadaw has detained Ms Suu Kyi, President Win Myint and several of the NLD’s other top leaders, suspended the Internet, blocked social networks and…

24 February, 2021 South East Asia

Iran Nuclear Deal- Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action

Iran Nuclear Deal- Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action Iran Nuclear Deal- Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action Commonly called the Iran nuclear deal is an agreement on the Iranian nuclear program reached in Vienna in 2015. It was signed between Iran and the P5+1 (China, France, Russia, United Kingdom, United States—plus Germany) together with the European Union. Under JCPOA, Iran agreed to eliminate its stockpile of medium-enriched uranium, cut its stockpile of low-enriched uranium by 98%, and reduce by about two-thirds the number of its gas centrifuges for 13 years. For the next 15 years Iran will only enrich uranium up to…

02 March, 2021 Iran

Financial Action Task Force

Financial Action Task Force Paris-based 39-member Financial Action Task Force has decided once again to keep Pakistan on its “grey list”. The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) is an inter-governmental body established in 1989 during the G7 Summit in Paris. The objectives of the FATF are to set standard and promote effective implementation of legal, regulatory and operational measures for combating money laundering, terrorist financing and other related threats to the integrity of the international financial system. Its Secretariat is located at the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) headquarters in Paris. Member Countries: it consists of 39 member…

02 March, 2021 International Organizations

COVAX Program

COVAX Program Ghana has become the first country in the world to receive a shipment of coronavirus vaccines under the COVAX program. Covid-19 Vaccines Global Access (COVAX) is a global initiative aimed at equitable access to COVID-19 vaccines. It is led by the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunizations (GAVI), the World Health Organization (WHO), the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), and others. It wants to vaccinate roughly 20% of the population in the 92 Advance Market Commitment (AMC) countries, which include middle and lower-income nations that cannot afford to pay for COVID-19 vaccines. This means countries with a…

27 February, 2021 International issues

India Pakistan relations

India Pakistan relations In a first joint statement issued by the two sides in years, India and Pakistan said they have agreed to a “strict observance of all agreements, understandings and cease firing along the Line of Control (LoC) and all other sectors” with effect from the midnight of February 24/25 (Wednesday). The decision was announced after discussions between the Director Generals of Military Operations (DGsMO). “The agreement comes in the wake of over 5000 CFVs [cease-fire violations] last year, the highest in 19 years, and this shows the realisation in New Delhi and Islamabad that they cannot afford to…

26 February, 2021 Border disputes

Nepal’s present political crisis

Nepal’s present political crisis Introduction A Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court of Nepal quite rightly overturned Prime Minister K.P. Oli’s decision to unilaterally dissolve Parliament in December 2020 and which was later approved by President Bidya Devi Bhandari. Reason for dissolution of the Parliament The Court correctly observed that there was the possibility of the formation of a new government in case Mr Oli did not enjoy the confidence of Parliament, and therefore ruled his decision unconstitutional. The ostensible reason for Mr Oli’s decision was inner party intrigue within the ruling Nepal Communist Party (NCP). The NCP has since…

26 February, 2021 Nepal

Endless war between Saudi Arabia and Yemen

The endless war between Saudi Arabia and Yemen Introduction The Biden administration’s decision to end U.S. support for Saudi Arabia’s Yemen war is a signal to Riyadh that the Trump-era open support it had enjoyed is a matter of the past. Background The U.S. offered support to Saudi Arabia’s campaign against the Houthi rebels in Yemen when Barack Obama was the President. Donald Trump continued that policy, overlooking the disastrous effects of the war that has turned Yemen, one of the poorest Arab countries, into a humanitarian catastrophe. Trump State Department designated the Houthis, who are backed by Iran, as…

15 February, 2021 West Asia

India – China border disputes

India – China border disputes The disengagement on the south bank of Pangong Tso (lake) will see Indian troops moving to their post in Chushul and Chinese troops to the Moldo garrison. In the next phase, additional Indian troops will move further down, around 40 km, to Tara-Rhongo post and Chinese troops to Dorjo, a senior government official told The Hindu. The main phase of disengagement on both banks of the lake is expected to begin on Saturday. “We will verify each step by all means, physical as well as electronic. The next priority is Depsang and Gogra-Hot Springs, where…

13 February, 2021 China

India – China Border disputes: Pangong Tso

India – China Border disputes: Pangong Tso India and China have completed disengagement on the north and south banks of Pangong Tso (lake) in eastern Ladakh, and the 10th round of Corps Commander talks are to be held in Moldo on the Chinese side to discuss pullbacks from other friction areas. Disengagement was fully complete as per an agreement and had been jointly verified by both sides. In line with the agreement, all landforms have been restored to that as existed before April 2020. As per the agreement for Pangong Tso, the next commander's talk is to be held within…

20 February, 2021 China

Afghani Chadar to Ajmer Dargah

Afghani Chadar to Ajmer Dargah Afghanistan President has sent the first ever sacred 'Chadar' to the Ajmer Sharif Dargah through its diplomatic mission in New Delhi. This Chadar was given during the 809th 'Urs (Death Anniversary) Mubarak' of Khawaja Gharib Nawaz, which is ongoing in Ajmer. Ajmer Sharif Dargah Ajmer Sharif Dargah is a Sufi shrine of Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti, who is well-known for his secular preachings. Located in Rajasthan, it was built by Mughal Emperor Humayun. This shrine has Chishti’s grave (Maqbara) inside a white marble dome, 11 arches and Persian inscriptions. There are several mosques inside the dargah complex, built by Akbar and Shah…

19 February, 2021 Afghanistan

Extinction Rebellion

Extinction Rebellion Extinction Rebellion (XR) was launched in the United Kingdom in 2018, as a response to the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report that declared, We only have 12 years to stop catastrophic climate change and We have entered the 6th mass extinction event. It is a global movement to persuade governments to act justly on the Climate and Ecological Emergency. It is a decentralised and politically non-partisan movement that uses, Non-violent Direct Action and Civil Disobedience.

19 February, 2021 Major protest of the world

India-Mauritius CECPA

India-Mauritius CECPA India-Mauritius Comprehensive Economic Cooperation and Partnership Agreement (CECPA) will be the first trade Agreement to be signed by India with a country in Africa. This limited agreement will cover Trade in Goods and Services, Rules of Origin, Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) measures, Dispute Settlement, etc., It will also cover the Movement of Natural Persons, Telecom, Financial services, Customs Procedures and Cooperation in other Areas. Both have agreed to negotiate an Automatic Trigger Safeguard Mechanism (ATSM) for a limited number of highly sensitive products within two years of the Signing of the Agreement. India &…

18 February, 2021 Bilateral groupings and agreements

PM Modi Invited to Participate in G-7 Dialogue

PM Modi Invited to Participate in G-7 Dialogue India has been invited as a special guest at Cornwall, United Kingdom to attend the G-7 grouping meeting. PM Modi may also head over to Brussels to conclude the pending India-EU Bilateral Trade and Investment Agreement (BTIA) talks. The talks have been held over issues like market access for automobiles, dairy products, wines and the movement of professionals.

10 February, 2021 Bilateral groupings and agreements

Sri Lanka clears a Chinese energy project 50 kms from Rameshwaram

Sri Lanka clears a Chinese energy project 50 km from Rameshwaram Sri Lanka govt. has recently cleared a Chinese energy project in 3 islands near to Jaffna peninsula. Sinosoar-Etechwin Joint Venture will be executing the project. These hybrid renewable energy systems projects will be based in Nainativu, Delft and Analaitivu islands located in Palk Bay. The islands are connected to the Jaffna peninsula with a ferry service & are about 50 km away from Rameshwaram

09 February, 2021 Sri Lanka

Colombo’s East Container Terminal

Colombo’s East Container Terminal Context The Sri Lankan government’s decision to overturn the tripartite agreement to develop Colombo’s East Container Terminal is a setback to India and Japan. East Container Terminal project The project, worth an estimated $500-$700 million, was a key marker for infrastructure investment in the island nation where Chinese projects are most prominent. More than two-thirds of trans-shipment at this port is tied to India, making it an important trade and connectivity link. Japan has been a keen supporter of Sri Lanka’s growth story, with its loans of about ¥1.1 trillion and grants and technical cooperation of…

06 February, 2021 Sri Lanka

Myanmar- Important Points for PT

Myanmar- Important Points for PT Biggest Ethnic Population- Bamar people Has been ravaged by Extremely Severe Cyclone Nargis in the past Kyaukphyu port in Myanmar is being developed by China as part of the Belt & Road Initiative India & Myanmar are doing a multimodal Kaladan project that connects India's North East border with Myanmar's Sittwe Port.

05 February, 2021 India and its neighborhood

East Container Terminal

East Container Terminal Sri Lanka has withdrawn its proposal to let India & Japan build its East Terminal Container near the capital city of Colombo. What is the Project? The tripartite agreement, signed by India, Sri Lanka and Japan, proposes to develop the ECT, which is located at the newly expanded southern part of the Colombo Port. The ECT is located 3 km away from the China-backed international financial city, known as Port City, currently being built in Colombo. A Chinese company behind the controversial 2018 Hambantota port project, signed its first contract in the Port City last month. It…

03 February, 2021 Sri Lanka

India Sri Lanka ties: East Container Terminal at Colombo Port

India Sri Lanka ties: East Container Terminal at Colombo Port In a flurry of meetings a day after Sri Lanka backed out of an agreement with India and Japan to develop the East Container Terminal (ECT) at the Colombo Port, Indian High Commissioner Gopal Baglay met President Gotabaya Rajapaksa, Prime Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa and Foreign Minister Dinesh Gunawardena. In the India – Sri Lanka ties, India was of the view that Colombo must adhere to its commitments in the tripartite agreement of May 2019, to jointly develop the strategic terminal with the Sri Lanka Ports Authority (SLPA) holding a 51%…

03 February, 2021 Sri Lanka

Myanmar Military rule

Myanmar Military rule In one swift operation, Myanmar’s military establishment has wiped out a decade of the country’s democratisation process. By arresting President Win Myint, State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi and the rest of the ruling National League for Democracy (NLD) leadership, and declaring military rule under a state of emergency for at least a year, General Min Aung Hlaing has made it clear that it is the military that is in charge, and he is not particularly concerned about the opposition to or condemnation of the move. The immediate reason for the coup was that the newly elected…

03 February, 2021 South East Asia

India – China Trade relations

India – China Trade relations China still remains the largest source of critical imports for India, from mobile phone components to pharmaceutical ingredients, and India is working on a multi-pronged strategy to reduce this reliance, which is a bigger concern than the imbalance in trade. The trade deficit is not in dollars, it is in overdependence. “A mobile phone requires 85% content coming from one country. If China were to stop the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) for penicillin, we would not be able to produce it in this country. When somebody controls your production, that is a sentiment which raises…

31 January, 2021 China

India – Iran relations: Chabahar

India – Iran relations: Chabahar In its latest push to develop Iran’s Chabahar port project, India handed over two 140-tonne cranes for loading and unloading equipment to the Iranian government. The cranes, part of a full consignment of six Mobile Harbour Cranes (MHC) worth about $25 million were sourced from Italy and formally released at a ceremony at Chabahar’s Shahid Beheshti port after official talks between India and Iran. India’s plans to invest further in the port project are seen as an indicator that the government expects some easing up in U.S. sanctions in the upcoming months, once the new…

01 February, 2021 Iran

India – China ties

India – China ties China said it “appreciates” External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar emphasising the importance of India-China relations, but reiterated its calls for the boundary dispute to “not be linked with the overall bilateral relations”. In a speech on Thursday, Mr. Jaishankar said the relationship needed to be built on “mutual respect, mutual sensitivity and mutual interests”. The Minister outlined eight propositions to take the ties forward after what he called a year of “exceptional stress”. Mr. Jaishankar underlined India’s view that peace on the border was a prerequisite for the rest of the relationship to develop. China’s actions…

30 January, 2021 Border disputes

Russia gave nod to New START Treaty

Russia gave a nod to New START New START (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty is a nuclear arms reduction treaty between the United States and the Russian Federation with the formal name of Measures for the Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms. It was signed in 2010 at Prague, and, after ratification entered into force in 2011, it is expected to last at least until 2021. New START replaced the Treaty of Moscow (SORT), which was to expire in December 2012. It follows the START I treaty, which expired in December 2009; the proposed START II treaty, which never…

28 January, 2021 Russia

West Asia Peace Conference

West Asia Peace Conference Russia backed a Palestinian proposal for a West Asia peace conference, suggesting that it could be held at the ministerial level in spring or summer, as the U.S. said it would move towards renewing ties with the Palestinians under Joe Biden. The U.S. — which sided with Israel under the administration of Donald Trump — said on Tuesday it intended to “restore credible U.S. engagement with Palestinians as well as Israelis”. “The roughly 10 participants would include Israel, the Palestinians, the four members of the West Asia diplomatic quartet (Russia, the UN, the U.S. and the…

28 January, 2021 Russia

Nepal Political crisis

Nepal Political crisis The political crisis triggered by Prime Minister K.P. Sharma Oli’s decision to dissolve Nepal’s Parliament and call fresh elections led to a vertical split in the ruling party, with the rival faction led by Pushpa Kamal Dahal ‘Prachanda’ sacking Mr. Oli from its general membership. The Prachanda faction of the Nepal Communist Party had removed Mr. Oli as the party’s chairman earlier. It had issued a notice to him seeking an explanation for his decision to recommend Parliament’s dissolution, to which he did not respond. Following this, the central committee of the Prachanda bloc met on Sunday…

14 July, 2021 Nepal

USA Iran relations and JCPOA

USA-Iran relations and JCPOA On his first full day on the job, U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken confirmed the administration’s position that if Iran were to become compliant with the terms of the now defunct Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA, or the “Iran deal”), the U.S. would re-enter it too. The Trump administration had pulled out of the deal in 2018. “With regard to Iran, President Biden has been very clear in saying that if Iran comes back into full compliance with its obligations under the JCPOA, the United States would do the same thing and then we…

29 January, 2021 U.S.A

India China Ties: Way Forward

India China Ties: Way Forward ‘Recognition of mutual respect, mutual sensitivities and mutual interests is key to repairing India-China relations, after what he called a year of “exceptional stress” in a relationship “profoundly disturbed” by the border crisis. China’s actions last year had “not only signalled a disregard for commitments about minimising troop levels” but also “showed a willingness to breach the peace and tranquillity” on the border that had been the foundation for the relationship. For all the differences and disagreements that we may have had on the boundary, the central fact was that border areas still remained fundamentally…

29 January, 2021 China

China and the New World Order

China and the New World Order In 2017, China’s President Xi Jinping became the first General Secretary of the Communist Party of China to attend the World Economic Forum at Davos, a gathering synonymous with global capitalism. World Economic Forum WEF is a Swiss non profit foundation established in 1971 based in Geneva, Switzerland. Recognised by the Swiss authorities as the international institution for public-private cooperation. It engages the foremost political, business, cultural and other leaders of society to shape global, regional and industry agendas. Founder and Executive Chairman – Klaus Schwab. Reports of WEF: Global Competitiveness Report: Monitors on the set of 12…

29 January, 2021 New World Order

India China Border disputes: Naku La

India China Border disputes: Naku La India China Border disputes have gone a long way now. Indian and Chinese troops clashed at Naku La in north Sikkim last week, in what the Army termed a “minor face-off”, resulting in some minor injuries on both sides, it has been learnt. “It is clarified that there was a minor face-off at Naku La area of north Sikkim on January 20, 2021, and the same was resolved by local commanders as per established protocols,” the Army said in a statement. The clash occurred as the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) troops attempted to intrude…

26 January, 2021 Border disputes

India – Sri Lanka issues

India – Sri Lanka issues The tragic death of four fishermen from Tamil Nadu — one of them a Sri Lankan Tamil refugee living in India — allegedly when the Sri Lankan Navy was about to arrest them last week, is yet another instance of the unresolved fisheries conflict in the Palk Bay taking an unacceptable toll of lives. India has lodged a strong protest with the Sri Lankan authorities, who have set up a committee to find a permanent solution to the incursions by Indian fishermen. It was less than a month ago that the two countries resumed discussions…

25 January, 2021 Sri Lanka

India China Border Disputes: Demchok

India China Border Disputes: Demchok Nomads were asked to vacate traditional grazing areas in Demchok. As India and China started the ninth round of Corps Commander talks to address the 9-month-long standoff along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) in eastern Ladakh, the head of one of the border villages claimed that Chinese vehicles were using Indian roads to enter Indian territory. “On December 10, some villagers went there and saw that the Chinese had entered Indian territory and had transgressed more than 1 km from the border. We contacted the authorities who asked us to camp there and not…

25 January, 2021 Border disputes

Yemen crisis: Explained

Yemen crisis: Explained The origins The roots of the Houthi movement can be traced to “Believing Youth” (Muntada al-Shahabal-Mu’min), a Zaydi revivalist group founded by Hussein al-Houthi and his father, Badr al-Din al-Houthi, in the early 1990s. Badr al-Din was an influential Zaydi cleric in northern Yemen. Inspired by the Iranian revolution of 1979 and the rise of Hezbollah in southern Lebanon in the 1980s, Badr al-Din and his sons started building vast social and religious networks among the Zaydis of Yemen, who make up roughly one-third of the Sunni-majority country population. About the Zaydis The Zaydis are named after…

24 January, 2021 Yemen Crisis

China - Taiwan issue

Taiwan reports Chinese air incursions Eight Chinese bomber planes and four fighter jets entered the southwestern corner of Taiwan’s air defence identification zone on Saturday, and Taiwan’s Air Force deployed missiles to “monitor” the incursion, the island’s Defence Ministry said. China, which claims Taiwan as its own territory, has conducted almost daily flights over the waters between the southern part of Taiwan and the Taiwan-controlled Pratas Islands in the South China Sea in recent months. However, they have generally consisted of just one or two reconnaissance aircraft. The presence of so many Chinese combat aircraft on this mission — Taiwan…

24 January, 2021 China

USA to review Taliban deal

Biden govt. to review the U.S.-Taliban deal It wants to ascertain if the outfit is ‘living up to its commitments to reduce violence in Afghanistan’ The Biden administration said it will review a landmark U.S. deal with the Taliban, focusing on whether the insurgent group has reduced attacks in Afghanistan, in keeping with its side of the agreement. Washington struck a deal with the Taliban in Qatar last year, to begin withdrawing its troops in return for security guarantees from the militants and a commitment to kickstart peace talks with the Afghan government. But violence across Afghanistan has surged despite…

24 January, 2021 U.S.A

India-France air exercise: Desert Knight 2021 

India-France air exercise: Desert Knight 2021  Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) Gen. Bipin Rawat flew on a French Air Force mid-air refueller aircraft at the India-France air exercise Desert Knight 2021 which concluded on Saturday, the IAF said. The IAF is looking at leasing six mid-air refuelling tankers for which Airbus A330 is the lead contender. A first-of-its-kind bilateral exercise, Rafale aircraft from both sides along with Su-30 MKI and Mirage 2000 aircraft of the IAF undertook complex missions, the IAF statement said. “Both Air Forces exercised in realistic settings to enhance operational capabilities. The exercise provided an opportunity to…

24 January, 2021 France

India, China - Corps Commander dialogue

India, China - Corps Commander dialogue India and China are scheduled to hold the ninth round of Corps Commander talks after a long delay in the senior military-level talks to work out a phased disengagement and de-escalation along the disputed border in Eastern Ladakh. The talks will be held on the Chinese side at Moldo opposite Chushul, a defence source said. As the earlier round, the Indian side will be led by Lt. Gen. P.G.K. Menon, General Officer Commanding of the 14 Corps. Last November, officials said both sides are close to finalising a phased withdrawal plan of troops and…

24 January, 2021 Border disputes

Nepal Foreign Minister to meet Jaishankar today

Nepal Foreign Minister to meet Jaishankar today Nepal’s Foreign Minister Pradeep Kumar Gyawali will meet External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar on Friday for their first face-to-face meeting since the border row led to a slide in ties. Gyawali, who arrived in New Delhi Thursday afternoon, will co-chair the India-Nepal Joint Commission meeting along with Jaishankar on Friday. This comes against the backdrop of a political crisis in Nepal, where Nepal PM K P Sharma Oli has dissolved the Parliament and is now heading a caretaker government. “The Joint Commission is an important mechanism that provides the opportunity of reviewing at…

15 January, 2021 Nepal

India – Afghanistan relations

India – Afghanistan relations On a trip that was kept under wraps before it got underway, National Security Advisor Ajit Doval on Wednesday visited Afghanistan for talks on strategic issues with the leadership in Kabul. The Afghan government said the conversations were about “synchronising efforts to combat terrorism and build peace”. This is the first visit by a senior Indian official after the Afghan political stakeholders and the Taliban started their reconciliation process last year. India attended the US-brokered peace pact signing in Doha in February last year. An Indian delegation also attended the inaugural ceremony of the intra-Afghan negotiations…

15 January, 2021 Afghanistan

India – China Trade relations

India – China Trade relations India’s trade with China declined last year to the lowest level since 2017, with the trade deficit narrowing to a five-year low as the country imported far fewer goods from its northern neighbour. Bilateral trade slid 5.6% to $87.6 billion, according to new figures from China’s General Administration of Customs (GAC). India’s imports from China shrank by 10.8% to $66.7 billion, marking the lowest level of inbound shipments since 2016. India’s exports to China, however, jumped 16%, crossing the $20 billion mark for the first time to a record high of $20.86 billion. The trade…

16 January, 2021 China

Biden unveiled a $1.9 trillion Coronavirus plan

Biden unveiled a $1.9 trillion Coronavirus plan President-elect Joe Biden has unveiled a $1.9 trillion coronavirus plan to end “a crisis of deep human suffering” by speeding up vaccines and pumping out financial help to those struggling with the pandemic’s prolonged economic fallout. Called the “American Rescue Plan,” the proposal would meet Mr. Biden’s goal of administering 100 million vaccines by the 100th day of his administration, and advance his objective of reopening most schools by the spring. On a parallel track, it delivers another round of aid to stabilise the economy while the public health effort seeks the upper…

16 January, 2021 U.S.A

Nepal raises Kalapani boundary issue with India

Nepal raises Kalapani boundary issue with India Nepal has raised the Kalapani boundary dispute with India during the Joint Commission meeting, visiting Foreign Minister Pradeep Kumar Gyawali said. The Minister said that the Indo-Nepal boundary dispute existed in “two segments” and Kathmandu wished to find a solution to the matter urgently. Mr Gyawali also took up Nepal’s requirement for vaccines to fight the COVID-19 pandemic as Kathmandu has approved the Serum Institute of India’s (SII) Covishield vaccine.  “We started the demarcation and mapping of the boundary in 1981. At that time, a Joint Technical Committee was founded which had tenure…

16 January, 2021 Border disputes

Musaveni win in Uganda for the 6th time

Museveni win in Uganda for the 6th time Uganda’s Electoral Commission said on Saturday that President Yoweri Museveni won a sixth five-year term, extending his rule to four decades, while top opposition challenger Bobi Wine dismissed “cooked-up, fraudulent results” and officials struggled to explain how polling results were compiled amid an Internet blackout. In a generational clash watched across the African continent with a booming young population and a host of ageing leaders, the 38-year-old singer-turned-lawmaker Mr. Wine posed arguably Mr. Museveni's greatest challenge yet. The self-described “ghetto president” had strong support in urban centers where frustration with unemployment and…

17 January, 2021 African Countries

USA and Anti Globalist Policies of Trump

The USA and Anti-Globalist Policies of Trump Few Presidents have tried to alter the fundamentals of American foreign policy since the end of the Second World War like Donald Trump has done in the past four years. Mr. Trump broke with the Washington consensus on what western policymakers and strategists call the liberal internationalist order. He put his ‘America First’ doctrine in the driving seat of his foreign policy wagon. He decried the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), the bedrock of the trans-Atlantic military cooperation, pulled the United States out of international organisations and multilateral treaties, and launched tariff wars…

18 January, 2021 U.S.A

India – China Border dispute

India – China Border dispute The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) on Monday said it was aware of infrastructure construction by China in the past several years “along the Line of Actual Control (LAC)” and that India has also stepped up its construction. The statement came after a report by NDTV showed satellite images of a new Chinese settlement in Arunachal Pradesh. This is the first time the government has acknowledged Chinese construction, although official sources say the land has been under the Chinese People’s Liberation Army’s (PLA) control since 1959. “The Chinese have been holding the area since 1959…

19 January, 2021 Border disputes

India – China Border dispute in Arunachal Pradesh

India – China Border dispute in Arunachal Pradesh China said its construction of a village across the Line of Actual Control (LAC) in Arunachal Pradesh was “beyond reproach” because it had “never recognised” Arunachal. India’s Ministry of External Affairs said earlier this week it was aware of the construction “along the LAC”.  This followed a report showing satellite images of the village, built between November 2019 and November 2020 and located a couple of kilometres across the LAC, beyond what India sees as the border separating Arunachal Pradesh and Tibet, on the banks of the Tsari Chu river in Upper…

22 January, 2021 Border disputes

Donald Trump and Presidential Transitions

Donald Trump and Presidential Transitions After one of the most contentious elections and presidential transitions in recent history, it was a relatively scaled-back inauguration ceremony that finally placed 46th President of the U.S. Joe Biden in the Oval Office. The devastating human and economic toll of the COVID-19 pandemic, combined with deep partisan rancour and the bitter aftertaste of the Capitol building attack earlier this month, meant that Inauguration Day was less a flamboyant extravaganza than a quiet celebration of multicultural America reasserting itself. There could have been no greater symbol of that assertion than the swearing-in of Kamala Harris,…

22 January, 2021 U.S.A

Donald Trump (USA President) Impeachment

Donald Trump (USA President) Impeachment Impeachment is a provision that allows Congress to remove the President of the United States. The House of Representatives (Lower House) has “the sole power of impeachment” while the Senate (Upper House) has “the sole power to try all impeachments”. The Chief Justice of the US Supreme Court has the duty of presiding over impeachment trials in the Senate. What are the grounds for impeachment: The President can be removed from office for “treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanours”. Essentially, it means an abuse of power by a high-level public official. This does…

20 January, 2021 U.S.A

Indian Diaspora in USA - Biden Cabinet

Indian Diaspora in USA - Biden Cabinet US President-elect Joe Biden has either nominated or named at least 20 Indian Americans, ahead of the historic inauguration. Of those named, 13 are women who are likely to hold key positions in Biden's administration, setting a new record in itself. While, 17 of them would be part of the powerful White House complex. Biden would be sworn in as the 46th President of the United States is already historic in the making as for the first time ever a woman Kamala Harris would be sworn as the vice president of the country.…

21 January, 2021 USA

Uganda Political crisis

Uganda Political crisis Yoweri Museveni, Uganda’s 76-year-old leader who has been in power since 1986, won another five-year term in the January 14 presidential election, but the contested result has pushed the country into its worst political crisis in decades. According to Uganda’s Electoral Commission, he won nearly 59% of the vote, while his main rival, Robert Kyagulanyi, a pop musician better known by his stage name Bobi Wine, secured 34%. Mr. Wine has alleged voter fraud, which the government was quick to dismiss, while putting him and several other leaders of his National Unity Platform under house arrest. The…

21 January, 2021 International issues

Section 4 of the 25th Amendment of USA Constitution

Section 4 of the 25th Amendment of the USA Constitution Section 4 of the 25th Amendment allows for the immediate removal of the President “whenever the Vice President and a majority of either the principal officers of the executive departments or of such other body as Congress may by law provide, transmit to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives their written declaration that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office.” When that happens, the “Vice President shall immediately assume the powers and duties of the…

10 January, 2021 U.S.A

India – China Border disputes

India – China Border disputes Konchok Stanzin, a councillor from Chushul in Eastern Ladakh, says Chinese infrastructure that could not be seen from border villages earlier is now clearly visible as China continues to hold positions in areas within India’s perception of the Line of Actual Control. In an interview to The Hindu, Mr. Stanzin said residents had witnessed a large number of Chinese tents, bunkers and vehicles very close to the border villages in Chushul, Merak and Khakted, in a clear departure from the past. Pastures cut-off Mr. Stanzin said nomads who lived in villages close to Pangong Tso…

11 January, 2021 China

Geopolitics: India, China and USA

Geopolitics: India, China and USA With days to go before its end, the Trump administration has declassified a sensitive document on the U.S. strategic framework for the Indo-Pacific’ from 2018. The 10-page document outlines objectives and strategies with regard to China, North Korea, India and other countries in the Indo-Pacific region. Maintaining “U.S. strategic primacy” in the region and promoting a “liberal economic order” while stopping China from establishing “illiberal spheres of influence” is the U.S.’s first national security challenge, as per the document. The other two challenges are ensuring that North Korea does not threaten the U.S. and advancing…

14 January, 2021 U.S.A

Ms. Sumona Guha

Ms Sumona Guha The Biden-Harris transition team announced the appointment of Indian-American Sumona Guha to the role of Senior Director for South Asia at the National Security Council. Ms. Guha co-chaired the South Asia foreign policy working group on the Biden-Harris campaign, and was a member of the transition team. She will succeed the Trump administration’s Lisa Curtis in the role. Ms. Guha, a former Foreign Service officer, has been a senior vice-president since mid-2018 at the Albright Stonebridge Group, whose chair is former Secretary of State, Madeleine Albright. She has also worked at the U.S.-India Business Council and, prior…

09 January, 2021 U.S.A

Geopolitics of South Asia

Geopolitics of South Asia China has held its third multilateral dialogue with countries from South Asia to take forward closer cooperation on fighting COVID-19 and coordinating their economic agendas, reflecting a new approach in Beijing’s outreach to the region. The third dialogue, held virtually on January 6, brought together every country in the region barring India, Bhutan and the Maldives, and was aimed at “anti-epidemic cooperation and poverty reduction cooperation”, China’s Foreign Ministry spokesperson Hua Chunying said. All three dialogues have been attended by Pakistan and Nepal, which are emerging as two lynchpins in China’s regional strategy. The first such…

09 January, 2021 South Asia

Dual Currency in Cuba

Dual Currency in Cuba As per the latest devaluation plan announced in December by President Miguel Diaz-Canel, the CUP’s artificial one-to-one parity with the U.S. dollar has been removed. The currency will instead trade at 24 pesos to the greenback and the CUC will be phased out in six months. The CUP is in circulation in the domestic economy and serves as the principal medium by which goods are priced and wages paid. A dual domestic currency During the turmoil in Cuba’s sugar industry and a plunge in nickel prices in the 1990s, a volatile CUP had fallen to 140…

12 January, 2021 International issues

Analysis of Qatar and GCC

Analysis of Qatar and GCC The Gulf reconciliation summit, in Al-Ula, Saudi Arabia, where the kingdom and its allies decided to end their blockade of Qatar, has brought to an end, for now, their long feud. In 2017, Saudi Arabia, under the leadership of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman (MBS), the UAE, Bahrain and Egypt imposed the blockade and severed diplomatic ties, accusing the tiny Gulf country of supporting terrorism. They also issued 13 demands for it to be lifted, which included shutting down the Qatar-funded TV network, Al Jazeera, closing a Turkish military base and reducing diplomatic relations with…

12 January, 2021 West Asia

COVID Pandemic and India’s New Foreign Policy

COVID Pandemic and India’s New Foreign Policy M.K. Narayanan is a former National Security Adviser and a former Governor of West Bengal The year 2021 should see a cementing of the many trends that had their genesis in 2020. Leadership change in the United States is perhaps the most awaited change, but is unlikely to bring about a major power shift in the international arena. Even before the changeover, and despite the promise of a Biden presidency to invigorate the U.S.-Europe axis, Europe has turned its back on the U.S. and revived its China links, by ‘concluding in principle the…

12 January, 2021 India and its neighborhood

India – Nepal ties during COVID-19

India – Nepal ties during COVID-19 In Nepal, however, officials said the resolution of the dispute remains important for improving overall bilateral ties that plunged to new lows last year. “We have been urging India repeatedly through diplomatic notes to bring the border dispute to the table and the Joint Commission is an opportunity for us to that,” said Rajan Bhattarai, Foreign Affairs Adviser to Mr. Oli, explaining Nepal’s direction for the Joint Commission talks. The 6th Joint Commission meeting has been delayed by more than a year because of the row over the Kalapani issue and the COVID-19 pandemic.…

13 January, 2021 Nepal

Analysis of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)

Analysis of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) On January 5, the leaders of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) met at the ancient town of Al-Ula in Saudi Arabia to end the bitter discord that three of its members — Saudi Arabia, the UAE and Bahrain, along with Egypt — have had with their partner, Qatar. On June 5, 2017, the Arab Quartet, as they styled themselves, subjected Qatar to an onerous diplomatic boycott and a total land, sea and air embargo. They accused Qatar of destabilising the region with its support for Islamist groups. They then presented Qatar with 13 demands…

13 January, 2021 West Asia

Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)

Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Gulf leaders signed a “solidarity and stability” deal after leaders of Saudi Arabia and Qatar publicly embraced, bringing Doha back into the regional fold after a three-year-long rift. Saudi Arabia had led a coalition of countries in the Gulf and beyond to cut ties and transport links with Qatar in June 2017, charging that it was too close to Iran and backed radical Islamist groups — allegations that Doha denied. Those countries, along with Oman and Kuwait, which have mediated between the two sides, signed a deal in Al-Ula, after Riyadh overnight re-opened its land, sea…

06 January, 2021 West Asia

China amends National Defence Law

China amends National Defence Law China’s President Xi Jinping has signed an order that has amended China’s National Defence Law, giving the Central Military Commission (CMC), which he heads, greater power in mobilising resources to protect a new and broader definition of what constitutes the national interest. The revised regulations on military equipment, which are effective as of January 1, focus on “war preparedness and combat capabilities”, the official Xinhua news agency reported on Sunday, adding that they “define the basic tasks, contents and management mechanisms for military equipment work under the new situation and system.” The document, which State…

04 January, 2021 China

Israel-Palestine Conflict

Israel-Palestine Conflict Chronology of Israel-Palestine conflict The seeds of the conflict were laid in 1917 when the then British Foreign Secretary Arthur James Balfour expressed official support of Britain for a Jewish "national home" in Palestine under the Balfour Declaration. The lack of concern for the "rights of existing non-Jewish communities" i.e. the Arabs led to prolonged violence. Unable to contain Arab and Jewish violence, Britain withdrew its forces from Palestine in 1948, leaving responsibility for resolving the competing claims to the newly created United Nations. The UN presented a partition plan to create independent Jewish and Arab states in…

31 August, 2021 Israel-Palestine conflict

Iran Nuclear Deal and JCPOA

Iran Nuclear Deal and JCPOA Iran has informed the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) that it intends to produce uranium enriched to up to 20% purity, well beyond the threshold set by the 2015 Vienna accord, the UN nuclear watchdog said. Iran informed the agency of its intention to enrich uranium at a rate of up to 20% in its Fordow underground plant, to comply with a law recently passed by the Iranian Parliament. According to the latest report available from the UN agency, published in November, Tehran was enriching uranium to levels greater than the limit provided for in…

06 November, 2021 Iran

USTR slams India’s digital tax

USTR slams India’s digital tax Digital services taxes adopted by India, Italy and Turkey discriminate against U.S. companies and are inconsistent with international tax principles, the U.S. Trade Representative’s office said, paving the way for potential retaliatory tariffs. USTR, releasing the findings of its “Section 301” investigations into the digital taxes, said it was not taking specific actions at this time, but “will continue to evaluate all available options.” The probes are among several still open USTR Section 301 investigations that could lead to tariffs before President Donald Trump leaves office or early in the administration of President-elect Joe Biden.…

08 January, 2021 U.S.A

Indian Diaspora: Raj Iyer

Indian Diaspora: Raj Iyer Indian-American Raj Iyer has taken over as the first Chief Information Officer (CIO) of the U.S. Army after the Pentagon created the position in July 2020. One of the highest ranking Indian-American civilians in the U.S. Department of Defense, Dr. Iyer, who holds a PhD. in Electrical Engineering, serves as the Principal Adviser to the Secretary of the Army and directs representation of the Secretary in matters relating to information management/ information technology (IT), the Pentagon said in a statement. Equivalent in rank to a three-star General, Dr. Iyer will supervise an annual budget of $16…

08 January, 2021 U.S.A

India – France relations and Stand on China

India – France relations and Stand on China A day after the Chinese Ambassador in India objected to the outgoing U.S. Ambassador’s comments on the India-China stand-off, a senior French diplomat said that “when China breaks rules, we have to be very robust and very clear”. When it came to direct threats to India, he said, France had always been supportive on Kashmir at the UN Security Council and did “not let the Chinese play any procedural games”. “Let us not go for confrontation — it’s much easier to say this from Paris, [than] from Delhi when you almost have…

08 January, 2021 France

USA mob attack on Capitol

Pro-Trump Mob Attack on USA Parliament The U.S. Congress confirmed Democrat Joe Biden as the presidential election winner after a violent mob loyal to President Donald Trump stormed the Capitol in a stunning attempt to overturn the presidential election. Lawmakers were resolved to complete the Electoral College tally in a display to the country, and the world, of the nation’s enduring commitment to uphold the will of the voters and the peaceful transfer of power. They pushed through the night, with tensions high and the nation’s capital on alert. The lawmakers confirmed that Mr. Biden had won the election. Mr.…

08 January, 2021 U.S.A

Brexit: Britain leaves Europe’s single market

Britain leaves Europe’s single market Brexit becomes a reality as Britain leaves Europe’s customs union and single market, ending nearly half a century of often turbulent ties with its closest neighbours. Brexit has dominated British politics since the country’s narrow vote to leave the bloc in June 2016, opening deep political and social wounds which remain raw. But both sides are now keen to move on to a new future. Prime Minister Boris Johnson called Brexit “a new beginning in our country’s history and a new relationship with the EU as their biggest ally”. Legally, Britain left the EU on…

01 January, 2021 Britain

China to launch 3rd Aircraft carrier in 2021

China to launch 3rd Aircraft carrier in 2021 The launching of China’s third and largest aircraft carrier is likely to take place next year, with a renewed push to take forward military modernisation plans amid a number of territorial and maritime disputes. China one year ago launched its second aircraft carrier, the Shandong, which was the first to be built at home. It joined the Liaoning, which was developed by retrofitting a Soviet-era cruiser and commissioned in 2012. The Shandong, which has already been deployed in the Taiwan Straits and in the South China Sea, is only likely to be…

31 December, 2020 China

Govt missions in other countries

Govt missions in other countries The government announced that it would open three missions in Estonia, Paraguay and the Dominican Republic in 2021. The opening of the missions will help expand India’s diplomatic footprint, deepen political relations, enable growth of bilateral trade, investment and economic engagements, facilitate stronger people-to-people contacts, bolster political outreach in multilateral fora and help garner support for the foreign policy objectives. While the government had announced the opening of 18 missions in 2018, not all of them have been established yet, and the opening of the newly announced missions may be further delayed by the impact…

31 December, 2020 New World Order

Afghanistan Crisis- US TALIBAN DEAL

Afghanistan Crisis- US TALIBAN DEAL Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II- IR  Historical Background The Saur Revolution had taken place in Afghanistan in 1978 which installed a communist party in power. Nur Muhammad Taraki became the head of the state replacing the previous president Daoud Khan. Taraki’s government introduced many modernisation reforms that were considered too radical and left them unpopular, especially in the rural areas and with the traditional power structures. The communist government also had a policy of brutally suppressing all opposition. Even unarmed civilians opposing the government were not spared. This led to the rise of various anti-government armed groups in the country. The government…

28 December, 2020 Afghanistan

Suddan issue - International issue

Sudan issue - UPSC The recent U.S. move to remove Sudan’s designation, which had been in place since 1993, as a state that sponsors terrorism could potentially come at a huge price that no sovereign nation should demand, or acquiesce to. The Sudanese government’s recognition of the state of Israel — which looms as Khartoum’s trade-off for the terror delisting — should be the sole prerogative of the people of that country, not of a superpower such as Washington or any other to arbitrarily impose its will.   Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok had himself articulated the dilemma that his unelected…

28 December, 2020 African Countries

Britain and EU release the text of Post Brexit Trade Deal

Britain and EU release the full text of post­Brexit trade deal Britain and the European Union on Saturday published the full text of the post­Brexit trade agreement aimed at governing their relationship when the U.K. definitively leaves the bloc’s single market in just five days’ time. The document, which is more than 1,200 pages long, lays out detail on trade, law enforcement and dispute settlement among other arrangements between Britain and the EU after the U.K. leaves the single market and customs union on December 31. To ratify the deal, Britain’s Parliament has been recalled to sit on December 30.…

27 December, 2020 Britain

India and Vietnam Relations for UPSC

India and Vietnam Relations for UPSC GS-PAPER-2 International Relation- Political science (Mains) Context: Guided by ACT East Asia policy and Indo-Pacific strategy India is working towards EXTENDED NEIGHBOURHOOD. The role of Vietnam is very critical for India ranging from Strategic to Energy security. This topic is highly important for UPSC mains and Political science. India and Vietnam signed seven pacts during their virtual summit, in areas such as defence, petrochemicals, and nuclear energy, and agreed to intensify their development partnership that will enable the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and develop capabilities to address climate change. Memorandums of Understanding: Specific agreement will cover USD 5 million Indian…

26 December, 2020 South East Asia

BREXIT Trade Deal

BREXIT Trade Deal Context: Brexit is a highly important topic in UPSC Mains Examination 2021. It is also important for UPSC Interview 2020. What is the European Union? The EU is an economic and political union involving 28 European countries. It allows free trade, which means goods can move between member countries without any checks or extra charges. The EU also allows free movement of people, to live and work in whichever country they choose. Headquarters of the European Union is in Brussels, Belgium. The UK joined in 1973 (when it was known as the European Economic Community) and it…

25 December, 2020 Britain

Territorial Disputes-South China Sea

Territorial Disputes-South China Sea GS-Paper-2 Political science – GS Mains-UPSC Context: In global geopolitics the efforts to control more territory have always been prominent. China’s mighty claims of sovereignty over the sea—and the sea’s estimated 11 billion barrels of untapped oil and 190 trillion cubic feet of natural gas—have other competing claimants Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam. Background In 1982, the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea was adopted and signed, formalising extended maritime resource claims in international law and six governments laid claim to the disputed Parcel and Spratly islands in the South China Sea. Since then, there has…

24 December, 2020 South China Sea

Nepal Political crisis explained.

Nepal Political crisis India - Nepal issue is the emerging issue in UPSC Mains Examination 2021. It is highly important for UPSC GS Paper II Mains for International Relations. Nepal Prime Minister K.P. Sharma Oli’s recommendation to dissolve Parliament, which has been duly approved by President Bidya Devi Bhandari, has pushed the young democracy into an unprecedented constitutional crisis and political turmoil. Mr. Oli belongs to Nepal Communist Party with a near two thirds majority in Parliament. He took such drastic steps because he came under increasing pressure from his own party to withdraw an ordinance his government issued last…

22 December, 2020 Nepal

India - Nepal Relations

What are the India – Nepal relations?  As close neighbours, India and Nepal share a unique relationship of friendship and cooperation characterized by open borders and deep-rooted people–to–people contacts of kinship and culture. It shares a border with 5 Indian States - Sikkim, West Bengal, Bihar, Uttar  Pradesh and  Uttarakhand. India – Nepal Trade relations The previous trade treaty revised in 1996 can be considered a turning point in the trade relations between the two countries. Since 1996, Nepal’s exports to India have grown more than eleven times and bilateral trade more than seven times; the bilateral trade was 29.8%…

21 December, 2020 Nepal

Meeting on Chabahar Port - India-Iran-Central Asia

TWG Meeting on Chabahar Port The first Trilateral Working Group Meeting between India, Iran and Uzbekistan on the joint use of Chabahar Port was held virtually. The participants discussed the joint use of Chabahar Port for trade and transit purposes and enhanced regional connectivity. India has proposed to hold "Chabahar Day” on the sidelines of the International Maritime Summit to be hosted by India in January 2021. Past related news Chabahar Port: It is located on the Gulf of Oman and is only 72 km away from the Gwadar port in Pakistan which has been developed by China. The port serves as the only oceanic port of Iran and…

17 December, 2020 India and Iran

India's assistance to Afghanistan

Afghanistan - India Relations Recently, at the Afghanistan 2020 Conference, India announced about 150 projects worth USD 80 million. Also, the USA has decided to reduce its troop presence in Afghanistan to about 2,500 by January 2021. India - Afghanistan relations: India will launch phase IV of high-impact community development projects, which include around 150 projects worth USD 80 million. It has signed an agreement for building the Shahtoot dam, which would provide safe drinking water to 2 million residents of Kabul city. It builds on the 202 km  Pul-e-Khumri transmission line of 2009, through which India provides power to the city.…

25 November, 2020 Afghanistan

India - Vietnam

India-Vietnam Talks Recently, Defence Ministers of India and Vietnam have discussed collaboration in defence industry capability building, training and cooperation in United Nations (UN) peacekeeping operations, etc.   Defence Cooperation: Both countries reaffirmed the strong India-Vietnam Defence cooperation which is a key pillar of Comprehensive Strategic Partnership (2016). Underlining the vision of “Atmanirbhar Bharat” for enhancing self-reliance including defence industries, India urged closer defence industry cooperation by concluding an institutionalised framework agreement in the near future.   Cooperation in the field of Hydrography:  This will enable sharing of Hydrographic data and assist in production of navigational charts by both sides.…

28 November, 2020 Vietnam

Israel Sudan Issue

Israel – Sudan Issue Historical Background Sudan, which was technically at war with Israel since its foundation in 1948, has now become the third country to forge diplomatic relations with it, in recent times. Recently, in a deal brokered by the USA, Sudan and Israel have agreed to normalise relations to end decades of hostility. Earlier, the USA brokered diplomatic pacts between Israel and the UAE and Bahrain as well, to normalise their relations. Implications: USA Sudan was added to the USA Black list in 1993 after it was accused of harbouring groups such as Hezbollah and Palestinian militant outfits…

27 October, 2020 African Countries

3rd India-USA 2+2 dialogue

3rd India-USA 2+2 dialogue What is 2+2 Dialogue? 2+2 Ministerial is the highest-level institutional mechanism between the two countries. It is a format of dialogue where the defence/foreign ministers or secretaries meet with their counterparts from another country. India holds such talks with Australia, Japan and the USA. India has signed the Basic Exchange and Cooperation Agreement (BECA) with the USA. BECA will enable the exchange of geospatial data and information between the two countries and will improve the accuracy of India’s missiles in precision strikes. The geospatial maps and charts to be shared, will be acquired from multiple sources…

28 October, 2020 U.S.A

Sri Lanka to Draft a New Constitution

Sri Lanka to Draft a New Constitution Context The Sri Lankan President Gotabaya Rajapaksa (elected in 2019), while addressing the inaugural session of the Parliament, said that Sri Lanka will draft a new Constitution and abolish the 19th Amendment that curtailed the powers of the President and strengthened the role of Parliament. Sri Lanka’s new Cabinet includes members from the Rajapaksa family. Mahinda Rajapaksha is the Prime Minister of Sri Lanka. The Rajapaksa led Sri Lanka People’s Party (SLPP) won a landslide victory in the recently held parliamentary elections (August 2020), allowing the influential family to consolidate power for the…

23 August, 2020 Sri Lanka

India’s Male Package

India’s Male Package Greater Male Connectivity Project (GMCP) A financial package consisting of a grant of 100 million USD and a new line of credit of 400 million USD. This will be the largest civilian infrastructure project in the Maldives, connecting Malé (the capital) with three neighbouring islands — Villingili, Gulhifalhu (where a port is being built under an Indian line of credit) and Thilafushi (a new industrial zone) – by the construction of a bridge-and-causeway link. This will boost economic activity, generate employment and promote holistic urban development in the Malé region. Direct Cargo Ferry Service It will be run…

22 August, 2020

Chora Museum 

Chora Museum  Context Recently, the Turkish President reconverted the Chora museum into a mosque. This is the second museum after Hagia Sophia to be converted into a mosque. Turkey has also found a new gas field in Black Sea. Chora Museum: It was built initially as a church in 534 AD, during the early Byzantine period. In the 11th century, its internal walls, pillars and domes were covered with mosaics and frescoes showing scenes from biblical stories. After the conquest of Constantinople (capital city of the Roman Empire) by the Ottomans (1453), the church was seized and turned into a…

22 August, 2020 West Asia

Greater Male Connectivity project

Greater Male Connectivity project Context: India announces $500 mn package for the Maldives India has announced its support for the implementation of the Greater Male Connectivity project (GMCP in the Maldives). The financial package comprises a new Line of Credit (LoC) of USD 400 million and a grant of USD 100 million. New connectivity measures for the Maldives, including air, sea, intra-island and telecommunications, have been announced by India. It is an effort to help Maldives deal with the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Among the initiatives announced is an air connectivity bubble for travel, a direct ferry service,…

14 August, 2020 India and its neighborhood

Abraham Accord

UAE, Israel reach an agreement to establish diplomatic ties Context: The United Arab Emirates has become the first Gulf Arab country to reach a deal on normalising relations with Israel The United Arab Emirates and Israel have agreed to establish full diplomatic ties as part of a deal to halt the annexation of occupied land sought by the Palestinians for their future state. The development caps years of discreet contact between the two countries in commerce and technology. The so-called “Abraham Agreement”, announced by United States President Donald Trump, secures an Israeli commitment to halt further annexation of Palestinian lands…

14 August, 2020 West Asia

India and Australia on Cybersecurity

India and Australia on Cybersecurity News: There is a huge increase in cybersecurity cooperation between India and Australia. The countries are sharing experiences on protecting critical infrastructure, including 5G networks. In June 2020 both countries signed a Cyber and cyber-enabled critical technology framework agreement along with the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership (CSP). The Cyber security agreement sets out practical actions to enhance digital trade, harness critical technology opportunities and address cybersecurity challenges. As part of this, the two countries have been increasing information sharing and stepping up cooperation. Another area that the two countries were exploring was regulatory space, including Australia’s encryption…

14 August, 2020 Australia

Alexander Lukashenko wins Belarus election

Alexander Lukashenko wins Belarus election Long-serving Belarusian leader Alexander Lukashenko has won a sixth term, the central electoral commission said, after elections marred by violence as police cracked down on opposition protesters. The country's central election commission announced on Monday that all the ballots had been counted and Lukashenko took 80.23 per cent of the votes, while his main opposition challenger Svetlana Tikhanovskaya had 9.9 per cent. Tikhanovskaya, a 37-year-old stay-at-home mother and political novice, galvanised the opposition during the election campaign, attracting tens of thousands of supporters to the ex-Soviet country's biggest demonstrations in years. A former Soviet collective…

11 August, 2020 Europe

India & Pak. spar over Indus water talks

India & Pak. spar over Indus water talks Context: India has refused a request by Pakistan to hold a meeting on issues around the Indus Water Treaty (IWT) at the Attari check post near the India-Pakistan border. The last such meeting between the two countries was in October 2019 in Islamabad. As per the agreement in IWT, a meeting was to be scheduled in India before March 31, 2020. The practice at the IWT meetings is that they are led by Indus Water Commissioners from both countries. A range of issues on the construction of dams and hydropower projects concerning…

10 August, 2020 Pakistan

UK to Issue Coin in Honour of Mahatma Gandhi

UK to Issue Coin in Honour of Mahatma Gandhi Britain is considering minting a coin to commemorate Mahatma Gandhi. The consideration is seen as part of efforts to celebrate the achievements of people from the Black, Asian and other Minority Ethnic (BAME) communities. The British Finance Minister has written a letter to the Royal Mint Advisory Committee (RMAC), to consider recognising the contribution of BAME communities to Britain's coinage. The RMAC is an independent committee made up of experts who recommend themes and designs for coins. The RMAC supports a campaign called ‘We Too Built Britain’, which seeks representation of non-white icons on the British currency. Recently, the…

04 August, 2020 Britain

China’s Presence in South America

China’s Presence in South America GS-PAPER-2 CHINA-OBOR (Mains) Recently, Ecuador has expressed an official discomfort over the sighting of a flotilla of 260 mostly Chinese fishing vessels near the Galapagos archipelago (a part of Ecuador). The flotilla also consisted of some Liberia and Panama-flagged vessels which was detected in an international water corridor situated between two areas of Ecuadorian jurisdiction– 200 miles away from both the Galapagos Islands and mainland Ecuador. Galapagos Archipelago The Galapagos Islands, spread over almost 60,000 sq km, are a part of Ecuador. These are located in the Pacific Ocean around 1,000 km away from the South American continent. Protection Status: Ecuador made a part of the Galapagos…

04 August, 2020

U.K. to issue coin to honour Gandhiji

The U.K. to issue coin to honour Gandhiji Context Britain is considering minting a coin to commemorate Mahatma Gandhi. Gandhiji’s birthday, October 2, is observed as the International Day of Non-Violence. As part of a global reassessment of history, colonialism and protests against racism in the U.S., some British institutions have begun re-examining their past. Many organisations have taken initiatives to make investments to help the Black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) communities and to support racial diversity.

03 August, 2020 Britain

Disinformation Campaign by Pakistan media

Pakistanis behind ‘Chinese’ info war on border stand-off Context Several of the Chinese accounts that show up on social media and spread false information about the border clash with India have been traced to Pakistan. Many of the Pakistani accounts posed as China-based, in what is believed to be a coordinated disinformation campaign aimed at India. Some of these accounts even had user bios that were earlier in Urdu, before morphing overnight into Mandarin. These accounts shared false information about casualties from the clash. Tweeting in Mandarin and using Chinese names gave the posts a sense of credibility. Pakistani accounts…

03 August, 2020 Pakistan

SAGAR: Indian Ocean

SAGAR: Indian Ocean GS-PAPER-2 India Ocean security Recently, India was admitted to Indian Ocean Commission (IOC) as an observer member. This development is one of the steps in India’s strategic vision (SAGAR) for the Indian Ocean. In 2015, India unveiled it's strategic vision for the Indian Ocean i.e. Security and Growth for All in the Region (SAGAR). It is an increasing recognition of the increasing importance of maritime security, maritime commons and cooperation. Through SAGAR, India seeks to deepen economic and security cooperation with its maritime neighbours and assist in building their maritime security capabilities. For this, India would cooperate on the exchange of information, coastal…

01 August, 2020 Maritime security

India’s Maritime Security

India’s Maritime Security GS-paper-2 International affairs – Indian Ocean Amid recent clashes between India and China over Galway valley, the Indian Prime Minister, while addressing the armed forces, held that the “era of expansionism is over”. This signalled India's stance that it will not abide by the Chinese Aggressive posture at the LAC. Though India and China finally agreed to withdraw their troops and agreed to work for mutual peace and cooperation, India should remain wary of Chinese tactics of salami-slicing. Under this strategy, China goes for territorial expansion in small proportion through military intimidation while proclaiming its commitment to peace and tranquillity. In…

01 August, 2020 Maritime security

RIC-(Russia-India-China trilateral summit)

Russia-India-China trilateral summit RIC meeting is important as Russia, India and China are countries that carry important voices in international politics and have the potential to significantly influence world events. About RIC trilateral summit RIC committed itself to multilateralism and the principles of Charter of the United Nations. Countries called for the comprehensive reform of the UN, including its Security Council, with a view to making it more representative, effective and efficient, and to increase the representation of the developing countries so that it can adequately respond to global challenges. During the summit, RIC acknowledged the importance of BRICS, and…

29 July, 2020 Russia

Kafala system

Kafala system The kafala system is an exploitative system used to monitor migrant labourers, working primarily in the construction and domestic sectors in Gulf Cooperation Council member states and a few neighbouring countries. The system requires all unskilled labourers to have an in-country sponsor, usually their employer, who is responsible for their visa and legal status. This practice has been criticised by human rights organizations for creating easy opportunities for the exploitation of workers, as many employers take away passports and abuse their workers with little chance of legal repercussions.  

29 July, 2020 West Asia

DDT to South Africa

DDT to South Africa GS-Paper-2 I.R India and Africa (PT-MAINS) Recently, HIL (India) Limited has supplied 20.60 Metric tonne of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), a fertilizer to South Africa for their malaria control program. The Company is further in the process of supplying DDT to Zimbabwe and Zambia in the current Financial Year 2020-21. HIL (India) Limited It is a PSU under the Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers. It was incorporated in 1954 to manufacture and supply DDT to the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare for malaria control programmes. It is the sole manufacturer of DDT globally. DDT: It is a colorless, tasteless, and almost odorless crystalline chemical compound. It was…

27 July, 2020 African Countries

Military Equipments and why RUSSIA??

Military Equipment and why RUSSIA?? Russia's Military Equipment: The Navy's only active aircraft carrier INS Vikramaditya and its only nuclear attack submarine in service, Chakra II, are from Russia. So are the Army’s T-90 and T-72 main battle tanks and IAF’s Su30 MKI fighter. The country’s only nuclear-capable supersonic cruise missile, BrahMos, is produced by a joint venture with Russia. As India has been spreading its supplier base with Israel, USA and France, Russia still remains a major supplier. This is indicated by the following latest developments: India has approved proposals to acquire 21 Mig29 and 12 Su30 MKI fighter aircraft from Russia for 2.4 billion USD. India and Russia had agreed…

27 July, 2020

Cold War between U.S.A and China

Cold War between U.S.A and China GS-Paper-2 US-CHINA (Mains) Recently, the U.S.A blocked China's access to chip-making tools and designated Chinese telecom giants Huawei, and ZTE as national security threats. However, with the 5G rollout approaching, the move will impact several countries including India. Recently, the United Kingdom also reversed its earlier decision and blocked Huawei from its 5G network rollout. U.S.A-China Tech Relation: China has traditionally resisted American big-data companies such as Facebook and Google to operate within its jurisdiction. However, both Countries still have significant dealings on the technology side. Last year, Apple recorded USD 100 million of daily sales in China, while Huawei Technologies…

27 July, 2020 China-USA

Australia rejects China’s sea claims

Australia rejects China’s sea claims Context: Australia’s formal declaration to the UN on the South China Sea dispute. In a formal declaration to the UN, Australia has rejected China’s territorial and maritime claims in the South China Sea. Australia has held that there is no legal basis for China’s historic claims in the South China Sea. Australia- U.S. compact: Australia’s declaration to the UN comes after the U.S. Secretary of State declared China’s pursuit of territory and resources in the South China Sea illegal, backing the claims of Southeast Asian countries against China’s claims. Through this move, Australia seems to be…

26 July, 2020

Post-Brexit deal

Post-Brexit deal Britain and the European Union wound up their latest round of post-Brexit trade negotiations. Both sides ruled out a quick deal but voiced hope for agreement in the coming months. The UK formally left the EU on 31 January 2020 and immediately entered into an 11-month transition period. During this period, the UK will continue to follow all of the EU’s rules and its trading relationship will remain the same. However, it is no longer part of the EU’s political institutions – so there are no longer any British members of the European Parliament (MEPs) in the European…

24 July, 2020 Britain

Territory Swap with Bhutan: CHINA

Territory Swap with Bhutan: CHINA GS-PAPER-2 China domination (Mains exclusive) Recently, China has offered Bhutan a “package solution” to its boundary dispute. Although the package solution is not specified, it may be seen as a revival of the 1996 proposal by China for a territory swap.                                                                         points Territory Swap: In 1996, China wanted to exchange the valleys to the north of Bhutan (an area of 495 square kilometres), with the…

23 July, 2020 Border disputes

US-India Strategic Energy Partnership

US-India Strategic Energy Partnership GS-Paper-2 India and the USA Recently, India and the USA have participated in a virtual ministerial meeting of the U.S.-India Strategic Energy Partnership (SEP) to review progress, highlight major accomplishments, and prioritize new areas for cooperation. The SEP was established in April 2018 whose objective is to encourage meaningful engagements through robust government-to-government cooperation and industry engagement. The next Ministerial meeting will be held in 2021. Description: The SEP organizes inter-agency engagement on both sides across four primary pillars of cooperation: Power and Energy Efficiency, Oil and Gas, Renewable Energy, Sustainable Growth. The SEP also supports USA efforts under the AsiaEDGE initiative, which establishes India as a strong energy partner in the Indo-Pacific region. Major Outcomes: The number…

19 July, 2020

India – Iran recent ties and China

India – Iran recent ties and China GS-Paper-2 International relation (Mains-I.V) Recently, the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) confirmed that India is no longer involved in the Farzad-B gas field project of Iran. Further, it said that India has not received any response from Iran since December 2019 on the future of the Chabahar-Zahedan railway project as well. It cited policy changes by the Iranian government, Iran’s uncertain finances, and the USA sanctions situation as the reasons behind the decisions on Indian infrastructure projects in Iran. Farzad-B Gas Field: It is located in Persian Gulf (Iran). The contract for exploration of the field was signed in 2002 by Indian consortium comprising ONGC Videsh,…

18 July, 2020 Iran

Iran drops India from Chabahar rail project

Iran drops India from Chabahar rail project, cites funding delay Four years after India and Iran signed an agreement to construct a rail line from Chabahar port to Zahedan, along the border with Afghanistan, the Iranian government has decided to proceed with the construction on its own, citing delays from the Indian side in funding and starting the project. Last week, Iranian Transport and Urban Development Minister Mohammad Eslami inaugurated the track-laying process for the 628 km Chabahar-Zahedan line, which will be extended to Zaranj across the border in Afghanistan. Iranian Railways will proceed without India’s assistance, using approximately $400…

14 July, 2020 West Asia

Training Mobilisation Order (TMO)

Training Mobilisation Order (TMO) President Xi Jinping Thursday signed a mobilization order for the training of the armed forces, the first order of the Central Military Commission (CMC) in 2020. Issued by Xi, also general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and chairman of the CMC, the order stressed strengthening military training in real combat conditions. It also asked the armed forces to maintain a high level of readiness and step up emergency and combat training. This TMO has led to the recent Galway clashes. It is the strategy used by China to assess the real-time responses…

13 July, 2020

Issue of Kachchatheevu?

Issue of Kachchatheevu? One of the major reasons complicating the issue is of Kachchatheevu Island. India ceded the uninhabited island to its southern neighbour in 1974 under a conditional accord. In fact, initially the 1974 border agreement did not affect fishing on either sides of the border. In 1976, through an exchange of letter, both India and Sri Lanka agreed to stop fishing in each other’s waters. In 2009, the Sri Lankan government declared Kachchatheevu Island as sacred land owing to a Catholic shrine’s presence on the piece of land. The issue arises more out of a domestic tussle rather…

12 July, 2020 Sri Lanka

India - Sri Lanka Relations

India - Sri Lanka Relations Paper-2 I.R India and Srilanka (Mains) In recent years, significant progress in the implementation of developmental assistance projects has further cemented the bonds of friendship between the two countries. The relationship between India and Sri Lanka is more than 2,500 years old. Both countries have a legacy of intellectual, cultural, religious and linguistic interaction. In recent years, the relationship has been marked by close contacts at all levels. Trade and investment have grown and there is cooperation in the fields of infrastructure development, education, culture and defence. The nearly three-decade-long armed conflict between the Sri Lankan forces and the LTTE…

12 July, 2020

Fishermen Issue with Sri Lanka

Fishermen issue with Sri Lanka GS-Paper-2 International relation – Srilanka and India (Mains-I.V) Recently, Sri Lanka’s northern fishermen have reported a sudden increase in the number of Indian trawlers spotted in its territorial waters. The territorial waters extend seaward up to 12 nautical miles (nm) from baselines of a country. Fishermen along the northern coast of Jaffna Peninsula have lost their nets worth lakhs of rupees in the sea, after being caught under the large Indian trawlers. These Indian trawlers are known to originate from the Indian State of Tamil Nadu. International Maritime Boundary Line : Indian boats have been fishing in the troubled waters for centuries and had…

12 July, 2020

USA-CHINA 5G Issue

USA-CHINA 5G Issue GS-Paper-2 International issue (Mains) The US Federal Communications Commission (US FCC) designated Chinese telecom vendors Huawei and ZTE as national security threats. US banned Huawei and ZTE? The first official action on these Chinese telecom equipment makers was taken based on House Intelligence Committee’s report (2012). The report said that both the companies posed a risk to national security. It also said that US businesses should avoid buying equipment from them. On most occasions, the US had accused Huawei and ZTE of working in ways that were contrary to national security or foreign policy interests. Why ban?…

11 July, 2020 China-USA

New national security law for Hong Kong

New national security law for Hong Kong GS-PAPER-2 IR China China has unveiled a new national security law for Hong Kong. The new law was passed by the Chinese parliament unanimously. It was subsequently made a part of Hong Kong’s Basic Law. The law will greatly expand Beijing’s power in Hong Kong. New law target protesters? The new law has widely defined some offences which punishes the protestors with harsh punishments. The offences include Secession, Subversion, Terrorist Activities, and Collusion with a Foreign Country or with External Elements to Endanger National Security. All four offences can invite life imprisonment as the maximum punishment,…

11 July, 2020

CogX Awards

CogX Awards CogX is a prestigious Global Leadership Summit and Festival of AI and Emerging Technology held annually in London. The awards are given out to the best-of-the-best in AI and emerging technologies across the world. MyGov is the world’s largest citizen engagement platform. It facilitates two-way communication between the Government and citizens and facilitates participatory governance in India. MyGov, JioHaptik Technologies Limited and WhatsApp team collaborated to develop an AI-enabled MyGov Corona Helpdesk. AI-enabled MyGov Corona Helpdesk bagged two awards under the categories of Best Innovation for Covid-19 - Society and People’s Choice Covid-19 Overall Winner.

10 July, 2020 Awards

CAATSA

CAATSA Countering America’s Adversaries through Sanctions Act (CAATSA), aims at taking punitive measures against Russia, Iran, and North Korea. It was passed in the backdrop of Russia’s military intervention in Ukraine and its alleged meddling in the 2016 US presidential elections. It primarily deals with sanctions on the Russian oil and gas industry, defence and security sector, and financial institutions. It empowers the US President to impose at least 5 of 12 listed sanctions enumerated in Section 235 on persons engaged in a “significant transaction” with the Russian defence and intelligence sectors. If implemented stringently, it would impact Indian defence procurement from Russia.…

10 July, 2020 U.S.A

F-1 and M-1 Visa Holders in USA

F-1 and M-1 Visa Holders in the USA Part of: GS-II- USA Visa issue (PT-MAINS-PERSONALITY TEST) Recently, the USA has announced that F-1 and M-1 visa holders who are planning to take online-only models will not be allowed to stay in the USA. Many universities in the USA are planning to shift all their classes online for the fall semester due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The fall semester starts in late August and ends in late December or early January whereas the Spring semester begins in January and ends in early May. ***F-1 visas are issued to study in the USA for full-time students whereas M-1 visas are issued to students engaging…

09 July, 2020 U.S.A

CAATSA and USA

CAATSA and USA Part of: GS-II- International Relation USA (PT-MAINS-PERSONALITY TEST) Countering America’s Adversaries through Sanctions Act: CAATSA is a United States federal law that imposed sanctions on Iran, North Korea, and Russia. It includes sanctions against countries that engage in significant transactions with Russia's defense and intelligence sectors. Recently, the USA has reiterated its position and asked all its allies and partners, including India, to stop transactions with Russia. It can risk triggering sanctions under the Countering America’s Adversaries through Sanctions Act (CAATSA). USA’s Stand: The USA has reiterated its position on CAATSA in the context of India’s planned jet fighter deal with Russia at an…

09 July, 2020 U.S.A

Expat Quota Bill Approved in Kuwait

Expat Quota Bill Approved in Kuwait Recently, the legal and legislative committee of Kuwait’s National Assembly approved the draft ex-pat (expatriate) quota bill. According to the bill, Indians should not exceed 15% of the population and if it is enacted into law, over 8 lakh Indians could be forced out of Kuwait. Kuwait is a country located in the Persian Gulf region. The draft expat quota bill has been deemed constitutional and will be transferred to the respective committee so that a comprehensive plan is created. Lawmakers and government officials including the Prime Minister of Kuwait have been calling to reduce the number of ex-pats from 70% to 30% of the…

08 July, 2020

China's Security Law on Hong Kong

China's Security Law on Hong Kong Part of: GS-II- Economy (PT-MAINS-PERSONALITY TEST) Recently, several countries have proposed measures to protect Hong Kong residents fleeing potential political persecution from China's new National Security Law. China’s new security law criminalizes what it deems secession, subversion, terrorism, and collusion with a foreign country.   Taiwan’s Response: It has opened the Taiwan-Hong Kong Services and Exchange Office in order to help facilitate asylum for people fleeing Hong Kong. Taiwan was the first state which pledged to support Hong Kong residents seeking asylum, in May 2020. China also claims Taiwan to be part of China and threatens to use force to take…

08 July, 2020 International revolts

Russia - Constitutional Amendments

Russia - Constitutional Amendments Part of: GS-II- IR- Russia (PT-MAINS-PERSONALITY TEST) The Russian citizens have supported a set of constitutional amendments including the continuation of the presidency by Vladimir Putin in a recently held referendum in the country. The referendum also included clauses related to the reorganisation of the government, introducing a higher minimum pension and wages, a ban on gay marriage, restricting top officials from holding dual citizenship, enshrining “faith in God” as a core value and emphasising the primacy of the Constitution over international treaties and rulings. A referendum is a direct and universal vote in which an entire electorate is invited to vote on a…

05 July, 2020 Russia - Japan

India and Bhutan - Kholongchhu Hydropower Project

India and Bhutan - Kholongchhu Hydropower Project Part of: GS-II- India and South Asia (PT-MAINS-PERSONALITY TEST) Recently, India and Bhutan have signed concession agreement on the 600 MW Kholongchhu Hydropower Project. It will be the first-ever Joint Venture (JV) project between India and Bhutan. The JV partners are Satluj Jal Vidyut Nigam (SJVN), and the Druk Green Power Corporation (DGPC) from India and Bhutan respectively. points Description: The Kholongchhu project is one of four additional projects agreed upon in 2008, as a part of India’s commitment to helping Bhutan to create a total of 10,000 MW of installed capacity by 2020. The 600 MW run-of-the-river project is located on the lower course of the Kholongchhu…

01 July, 2020 South Asia

China Study Group (CSG)

China Study Group (CSG) CSG is a government body in which cabinet secretaries and secretaries of the Home, external affairs, Defence and representatives of the Army are members. In the wake of heightened road and track construction work undertaken by China along India’s Northern and Eastern frontiers in 1997, India constituted a China Study Group (CSG) to study the requirement of road communication along the China border for the brisk movement of troops in case of any aggression. The idea was to assert the country’s territorial claims and upgrade logistic sustenance capability in these areas. The group's suggestions are recommendatory…

29 June, 2020

US Visa Ban Extension 

US Visa Ban Extension  GS-PAPER-2 IR India and the USA The US administration extended the 60-day ban on immigration and non-immigrant worker visas till the end of 2020. Why: US President Donald Trump said that the move was to protect domestic workers. They are said to have been impacted due to a contraction in the economy in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic. Popular work visas including the much-coveted H-1B and H-2B, and certain categories of H-4, J, and L visas shall also remain suspended. Different categories of visas issued? Immigrant visas are issued to foreign nationals who intend to live permanently in…

26 June, 2020

Korean Crisis - Analysis

Korean war Context On the occasion of the 70th Anniversary of the outbreak of the Korean War in 1950, Prime Minister of India Shri Narendra Modi paid rich tribute to the brave hearts who sacrificed their lives in the pursuit of peace on the Korean Peninsula. Korean crisis Since its current leader, Kim Jong-Un, took power in 2011, North Korea has ramped up its efforts to build a long-range nuclear missile capable of hitting targets around the globe. In a show of force aimed at discouraging the North from launching another test, the United States recently ordered an aircraft carrier…

26 June, 2020 International issues

Sudan warns against escalation in Nile dam dispute

Sudan warns against escalation in Nile dam dispute GS-Paper-2 International issue AFRICA Sudan has warned against escalation and urged further negotiations with Egypt and Ethiopia over the construction of a controversial dam on the Blue Nile river by Addis Ababa. Important points Tensions are running high between the three countries after recent talks failed to produce a deal on the filling and operation of the $4.6bn Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam. Ethiopia has declared plans to start filling the dam next month, regardless of whether a deal has been reached.  The dam is more than 70 per cent complete and promises to generate…

25 June, 2020 African dispute

Pashupatinath Temple and India - Nepal

Nepal-Bharat Maitri Nepal-Bharat Maitri is a development partnership initiated by India as a high-impact community development scheme. This initiative is another milestone in strengthening cultural ties and people-to-people contacts between the two countries. In 2018, Nepal-Bharat Maitri - Pashupati Dharmashala was inaugurated in Kathmandu, Nepal. Recently, a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed under Nepal-Bharat Maitri: Development Partnership, for the construction of a sanitation facility at the Pashupatinath Temple, Kathmandu. The facility will be implemented by Kathmandu Metropolitan City and India has pledged to extend financial assistance amounting to Rs. 2.33 crore. This comes amid a raging border row between…

18 June, 2020 Nepal

Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation (ITEC)

Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation (ITEC) ITEC Programme was launched in 1964 by the Ministry of External Affairs. The ITEC Programme is fully funded by the Government of India. The Programme is essentially bilateral in nature. However, in recent years, ITEC resources have also been used for cooperation programmes conceived in a regional and inter-regional context such as the Economic Commission for Africa, Commonwealth Secretariat, UNIDO and Group of 77. Under ITEC and its sister programme SCAAP (Special Commonwealth African Assistance Programme), 161 countries in Asia, Africa, East Europe, Latin America, the Caribbean as well as Pacific and Small Island…

18 June, 2020 Bilateral groupings and agreements

What happened in Nathu La in 1967?

What happened in Nathu La in 1967? Context As reports of deaths of Indian soldiers in a violent faceoff on the Ladakh border emerged, many took solace from the fact that no rounds were fired during the physical clash with the Chinese soldiers. While this certainly makes these deaths more brutal than being shot and killed, it also gives hope that an escalation to kinetic means – rifles, howitzers, rockets, missiles and fighter jets – can be avoided between the two nuclear neighbours. History of the conflict The last military skirmish between India and China took place at Nathu La in…

17 June, 2020 India and its neighborhood

An inflection point (Killings at the LAC)

An inflexion point (Killings at the LAC) The brutal killing of 20 Indian soldiers by the Chinese Army in the deadliest escalation of violence between India and China on the LAC in nearly four and half decades puts a heavy question mark on an already fraught process. It has the potential to vitiate and undermine the disengagement agreed upon only a few days ago between senior military officers on both sides and harden the standoff between the two countries. Yet India must keep a clear and determined head. It needs to respond with calm deliberation and steely resolve. It must…

17 June, 2020 India and its neighborhood

Pincer provocations? India-China-Pakistan 

Pincer provocations? India-China-Pakistan  GS- PAPER-II India and China India should not conflate the various threats to its security in the Kashmir-Ladakh region Although the latest news on the Ladakh front suggests that Chinese and Indian forces have begun to disengage in select areas, this does not detract from the reality that in the past few weeks Beijing and Islamabad are making coordinated efforts to challenge India’s presence in the Kashmir-Ladakh region. There is stepped-up activity on Pakistan’s part to infiltrate terrorists into the Valley. China has undertaken provocative measures on the Ladakh front to assert control over disputed areas around…

10 June, 2020

Mission SAGAR

Mission SAGAR Mission SAGAR is a major milestone in India’s engagement with the countries in the Indian Ocean Region, in line with ‘SAGAR — Security and Growth for All in the Region. Launched on May 10, 2020, Mission SAGAR is India’s initiative to deliver COVID-19-related assistance to the countries in the Indian Ocean Region. Mission SAGAR is in line with India’s role as the first responder in the region and builds on the excellent relations existing between these countries to battle the COVID-19 pandemic. As part of this Mission, INS Kesari successively visited Maldives, Mauritius, Madagascar, Comoros and Seychelles in…

27 December, 2021 Indian Ocean diplomacy

Global Terrorism Index

Global Terrorism Index The Global Terrorism Index (GTI) is a report published annually by the Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP). Two third of the countries experienced a terrorist attack in 2016. India is one of the ten most impacted countries by terrorism. Five countries account for three-quarters of all deaths from terrorism: Iraq, Afghanistan, Syria, Nigeria and Pakistan. The major reason for terrorism in most impacted countries is internal conflict.

08 June, 2020 International terrorism

French forces kill al-Qaeda’s Algeria leader

French forces kill al-Qaeda’s Algeria leader Part of: GS-II- Terrorism  (PT-MAINS-PERSONALITY TEST) Drake, an explosives expert, had been sentenced to death in 2013 for terror attacks France said its forces have killed the leader of al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb, in a blow to the group behind a string of deadly attacks across the troubled Sahel region. Who? Abdelmalek Droukdel was killed in northern Mali near the Algerian border, where the group has bases from which it has carried out attacks and abductions of Westerners in the sub-Saharan Sahel zone. “Many close associates” of the Algerian — who commanded several…

07 June, 2020 International terrorism

China’s new code aims to curb land grabs

China’s new code aims to curb land grabs Part of: GS-II- China (PT-MAINS-PERSONALITY TEST) It also focuses on giving greater independence to the country’s judiciary Farmers in China have faced forced evictions and illicit land grabs for decades — sources of social unrest that the government is finally trying to address in a major shake-up of its property law. Millions of hectares of rural land were taken away from farmers in the past three decades and given to developers as China raced to urbanise, often with little or no compensation in return. Important Points “Land disputes trigger half of an…

07 June, 2020

VINBAX

VINBAX VINBAX is the military exercise between the armies of India and Vietnam. It is the first-ever such exercise boosting defence ties between the two countries. It is going to be held in Jabalpur in Madhya Pradesh. The joint exercise has been specially designed to enable and train officers from Vietnam in United Nations Peace Keeping Operations. India – Vietnam relations India and Vietnam signed a protocol on defence cooperation in 1994. The partnership was thereafter elevated to a strategic level in 2007. A pact on boosting bilateral defence cooperation was signed in 2009. The strategic partnership was elevated to a Comprehensive…

06 June, 2020 South East Asia

India-Georgia Relations

India-Georgia Relations Historical Background There is enough literary and folklore-based evidence to suggest that links between India and Georgia and awareness of India in Georgia have existed from the very early times of human civilization. Fables from India’s Panchtantra are believed to have influenced Georgian folk legends. Those links were further strengthened in the medieval ages by missionaries, travellers, and traders. Georgians are said to have served at the Mughal Courts and some of them are believed to have risen to the positions of Governors. The Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb’s wife Udaipuri Begum was of Georgian origin. Soviet Era During the…

04 June, 2020 Central Asia

US-China new Cold War

US-China new Cold War Part of: GS-II- USA-CHINA Cold war (PT-MAINS-PERSONALITY TEST) The prospects of a trade war between China and the western economies ratcheted as Beijing accused the US of pushing relations towards a “new cold war”. Trade war Even before the coronavirus outbreak became a pandemic, the trade ceasefire between the United States and China was fragile at best. A "phase one" deal reached in January only reduced some of the tariffs each side had placed on the other while allowing Beijing to avoid additional taxes on almost $160 billion worth of goods. China also committed to buying…

27 May, 2020 China-USA

China suggests shift in BRI approach amid debt concerns

China suggests a shift in BRI approach amid debt concerns Part of: GS-II- International issue (PT-MAINS-PERSONALITY TEST) ‘We will focus on quality in the joint pursuit of the BRI’ Background China has hinted at a shift in how it will pursue its signature Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) amid growing concerns about debt repayments from many partner countries because of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Imp Points “We will focus on quality in the joint pursuit of the BRI”, said the annual government work report delivered by China’s Premier Li Keqiang at the start of the National People’s Congress (NPC), or Parliament. Since 2019,…

24 May, 2020

India builds state-of-the-art training facility for Ugandan defence forces

India builds state-of-the-art training facility for Ugandan defence forces The Indian Association Uganda (IAU), in association with the Indian Military Advisory and Training Team there, handed over a state-of-the-art military training facility to Uganda Peoples Defence Forces (UPDF). The war game centre, named ‘INDIA’, was inaugurated by Gen. Yoweri Kaguta Museveni, President of the Republic of Uganda The centre was conceptualised by the Indian Military Team and constructed by the IAU at a cost of over 1 billion Ugandan shillings or $2,65,000. It has been funded by voluntary contributions from Ugandans of Indian origin.

25 May, 2020 African Countries

US pull out of Open Skies treaty

The US pull out of the Open Skies treaty Part of: GS-II- International Treaties and Conventions  (PT-MAINS-PERSONALITY TEST) The United States announced its intention to withdraw from the 35-nation Open Skies treaty allowing unarmed surveillance flights over member countries, the Trump administration's latest move to pull the country out of a major global treaty. Important Points The administration said Russia has repeatedly violated the pact's terms. Senior officials said the pullout will formally take place in six months, based on the treaty's withdrawal terms. NATO allies and other countries such as Ukraine have pressed Washington to remain in the treaty,…

23 May, 2020

The new Indian road to Lipu Lekh-Nepal’s protests

The new Indian road to Lipu Lekh-Nepal’s protests Part of: GS-II- International issues (PT-MAINS-PERSONALITY TEST) (Indian express Explained) Army Chief General M M Naravane said that Nepal’s protest against a newly built Indian road in Uttarakhand, up to Lipu Lekh pass on the China border, was at “someone else's behest”. His statement has been widely taken to mean that Nepal was acting as a proxy for China, at a time when tensions have spiked sharply on the LAC between the Chinese PLA and the Indian Army at Ladakh. Importance It is on the route of the annual Kailash Mansarovar Yatra, which…

18 May, 2020 India and its neighborhood

Baltic travel bubble

Baltic travel bubble The Baltic countries of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania have opened their borders to one another, creating a coronavirus "travel bubble". Anybody arriving from outside the zone however must self-isolate for 14 days. This is the first "travel bubble" in Europe since nations began shutting their borders earlier this year in response to the coronavirus outbreak. European Union officials are now trying to encourage other countries to end restrictions on movement as concerns grow about the economic impact of the lockdown. The Baltic states expect their economies to shrink by up to 8% this year. Under the new…

16 May, 2020 International issues

Kailash Mansarovar runs into diplomatic trouble-India-Nepal Spat

New road to Kailash Mansarovar runs into diplomatic trouble-India-Nepal Spat Part of: GS-II- India and Nepal (PT-MAINS-PERSONALITY TEST) Nepal says India has breached a 2014 agreement India’s plans to shorten the travel time for pilgrims to Kailash Mansarovar ran into diplomatic trouble as Nepal strongly objected to the new link road from India to China which was inaugurated by Defence Minister. In a strongly worded statement, Nepal’s Foreign Ministry said the decision to build the road through territory at the Lipulekh pass that it claims as its territory is a breach of an agreement reached between the two countries to…

10 May, 2020

Trump says crisis ‘worse than Pearl Harbor’

Trump says crisis ‘worse than Pearl Harbor’ or 9/11 Part of: GS-II- International issues (PT-MAINS-PERSONALITY TEST) President Donald Trump said that fallout from the novel coronavirus pandemic has hit the United States harder than Pearl Harbor in World War II or the 9/11 attacks. “We went through the worst attack we’ve ever had on our country. This is really the worst attack we’ve ever had,” he told reporters at the White House. The surprise Japanese attack in 1941 on the Pearl Harbor naval base in Hawaii (PT) drew the United States into World War II. September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks…

08 May, 2020 International issues

India hands over 3 tranche of emergency medical assistance to Bangladesh

India hands over 3 tranches of emergency medical assistance to Bangladesh The third tranche consists of RT-PCR COVID-19 kits capable of running 30 thousand tests. After being received in Dhaka, the RT-PCR test kits were dispatched to the Institute of Epidemiological Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Bangladesh. These test kits are domestically manufactured in India and they are being widely used for COVID-19 detection.  Bangladesh is the first country to receive these test kits on priority which reflects the importance India attaches to Bangladesh. The release said that the assistance is in line with India’s Neighbourhood first policy and reaffirms…

07 May, 2020 India and its neighborhood

Vande Bharat Mission one of the largest evacuation mission

Vande Bharat Mission is one of the largest evacuation mission In one of the largest evacuation exercises named Vande Bharat Mission, the government will operate 64 flights between the 7th and 13th of May to bring home nearly 14,800 Indian nationals stranded abroad due to the Coronavirus lockdown. Minister of External Affairs S Jaishankar said that preparations for the operation have commenced and also urged the stranded individuals to stay in touch with the Indian embassies in their countries. The 64 flights which will be operated include ten flights from UAE, seven each from Bangladesh, Malaysia, the United Kingdom and…

07 May, 2020 West Asia

Curbs on large gatherings of people and World major protests & Moment

Curbs on large gatherings of people and World major protests & Moment Part of: GS-II- INTERNATIONAL Issue (PT-MAINS-PERSONALITY TEST) In India Protest movements in India against the implementation of the CAA and NRC appear to have been temporarily halted, due to the corona outbreak but still many countries the protest seems to reappear.   Hong Kong protest  The Umbrella Movement was a political movement that emerged during the Hong Kong democracy protests of 2014. Its name arose from the use of umbrellas as a tool for passive resistance to the Hong Kong Police’s use of pepper spray to disperse the crowd during a 79-day occupation of the…

03 May, 2020 Major protest of the world

Libya crisis

UAE affirmed its commitment to achieving a political solution in Libya Part of: GS-II- International issues (PT-MAINS-PERSONALITY TEST) The United Arab Emirates has affirmed its commitment to achieving a political solution in Libya and called for an immediate and comprehensive ceasefire. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation (MoFAIC) emphasized the UAE's support for a political solution to end the ongoing Libyan crisis in line with the outcomes of the Berlin Conference. It called on all parties to commit to the political process under the supervision of the United Nations. MoFAIC commended the Libyan National Army for conducting anti-terror…

02 May, 2020 International issues

Dams in China

Dams in China Part of: GS-II- International relations (PT-MAINS-PERSONALITY TEST) Recently, a US-funded study has highlighted the possible impact of China’s dams on the Mekong river (known as the Lancang river in China) and countries downstream. The study was published by the Sustainable Infrastructure Partnership in Bangkok and the Lower Mekong Initiative. The Lower Mekong Initiative is a US partnership with all the downstream countries of Mekong besides Myanmar. The Mekong flows from China to Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam. Important Points Key Findings of the Study It also raised questions on other Chinese dams on rivers which originate in China like the Brahmaputra and their similar impact on neighbouring countries like India. China’s southwestern Yunnan province had above-average rainfall from May…

30 April, 2020

Ethnic clashes in Central African Republic

Ethnic clashes in the Central African Republic In the Central African Republic, 25 people were killed and 51 others injured in clashes in the northeast part of the country. Between armed groups in Ndele led to the deaths of several civilians. Humanitarian workers, however, said that members of the Popular Front for the Rebirth of the Central African Republic (FPRC) had clashed in Ndele the previous day. FPRC last year split into two factions: the Runga ethnic group on one side, including FPRC's military chief Abdoulaye Hissene, and rival fighters from the Gula and Kara ethnic communities. CAR struggles with violence despite a…

01 May, 2020 International issues

India listed among ‘countries of particular concern’ in US religious freedom report- USCIRF

India listed among ‘countries of particular concern’ in US religious freedom report- USCIRF Part of: GS-II- India and USA  (PT-MAINS-PERSONALITY TEST) In the 2020 edition of its annual report on International Religious Freedom, the USCIRF alleged that in 2019, religious freedom conditions in India "experienced a drastic turn downward", with religious minorities under increasing assault. A US commission mandated to monitor religious freedom globally asked the State Department to designate 14 nations, including India, as "countries of particular concern", (CPC) alleging that religious minorities are under increasing assault in these nations. These include nine countries that the State Department designated as CPCs in December 2019…

29 April, 2020

Yemen crises

Yemen crises Part of: GS-II- International issue (PT-MAINS-PERSONALITY TEST) Yemen, one of the Arab world's poorest countries, has been devastated by civil war. Here we explain what is fuelling the fighting, and who is involved. How did the war start? The conflict has its roots in the failure of a political transition supposed to bring stability to Yemen following  an  Arab Spring uprising that forced its longtime authoritarian president, Ali Abdullah Saleh, to hand over power to his deputy, Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi, in 2011. As president, Mr Hadi struggled to deal with a variety of problems, including attacks by jihadists, a separatist movement in…

28 April, 2020 International issues

Saudi led coalition in Yemen urges Emirates backed southern separatist to honour RIYADH peace deal

The Saudi-led coalition in Yemen urges Emirates-backed southern separatists to honour the RIYADH peace deal Part of: GS-II- International issue (PT-MAINS-PERSONALITY TEST) A Saudi-led coalition involved in a years-long war in Yemen urged Emirati-backed southern separatists to honour the terms of a Riyadh peace deal and return control of the port city of Aden to the country's internationally recognized government. The statement by Saudi Arabia comes after the separatists' Southern Transitional Council again claimed sole control of Aden, a Red Sea port that serves as the seat of the internationally recognized government as Yemen's Shiite rebels, known as Houthis, hold…

28 April, 2020 International issues

Pakistan receives USD 1.39 billion

Pakistan receives USD 1.39 billion emergency loan from IMF to deal with the Coronavirus crisis Pakistan has received an emergency loan of 1.39 billion US Dollars from the International Monetary Fund to boost its foreign exchange reserves in the wake of the further economic downturn due to the Coronavirus crisis. Earlier, Pakistan requested the global money lender for a low-cost, fast-disbursing loan under its Rapid Financing Instrument (RFI) to deal with the adverse economic impact of COVID-19.The RFI is used to provide financial assistance to IMF member countries facing an urgent balance of payments need without requiring them to put…

24 April, 2020 International issues

COVID-19: China announces additional USD 30 million grants for WHO

COVID-19: China announces additional USD 30 million grants for WHO China announced an additional  30 million US Dollar grant to the World Health Organization, days after Beijing expressed serious concern over US President Donald Trump's decision to freeze the funding for the global health agency over its handling of the COVID-19 crisis. The grant will be in addition to the  20 million US Dollars provided by China earlier to the WHO. He said China will always support the Geneva-based WHO in playing an important role in international public health and global anti-epidemic response. Both China and the WHO faced serious…

24 April, 2020 International issues

World bank and IMF (International Monetary Fund)

World bank and IMF (International Monetary Fund) Part of: GS-II- International organisation (PT-MAINS-PERSONALITY TEST) The World Bank (WB) is an international organization that provides facilities related to “finance, advice, and research to developing nations” in order to bolster their economic development. It plays a stellar role in providing financial and technical assistance to developing countries across the globe. It is a unique financial institution that provides partnerships to reduce poverty and support economic development. It is actually composed of two institutions namely the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA). However, there are five…

16 November, 2021 International Organizations

Iran says it launched military satellite into orbit

Iran says it launched a military satellite into orbit Amidst tension with the US, Iran today said that it had successfully launched its first military satellite into orbit. The Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC) reported that the first military satellite “Noor”, which means the light was successfully put into orbit. The satellite was launched from a three-stage carrier Ghased and was placed in 425-km orbit.

23 April, 2020 International issues

RSTV Special: Oil Price War & Implications

RSTV Special: Oil Price War & Implications Part of: GS-III- Economy (PT-MAINS-PERSONALITY TEST) The oil prices have reached their lowest levels in years, leading to the deepest oil crisis in decades. Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and its allies led by Russia under the OPEC+ framework have agreed to cut their oil output by 10m barrels per day, or 10% of global supplies. This move is aimed at propping up the falling crude oil prices. They expect the United States and other producers to join in their effort by reducing up to 5m barrels per day. Impact of COVID-19 on the Oil Sector: Reduced…

23 April, 2020 Oil diplomacy

SAGAR programme- Indian Ocean Rim association (IORA)

SAGAR programme- Indian Ocean Part of: GS-II- SAGAR Doctrine and Indian Ocean (PT-MAINS-PERSONALITY TEST) India has for a long time had a “continental outlook,” with insufficient attention paid to maritime aspects of security. But this has begun to change over the last two decades, a reflection of India’s growing economy and the resultant need for secure trade routes and the growing security competition in the maritime space as a consequence of China’s naval expansion. One aspect of this shift has been India’s efforts to build security partnerships in the Indian Ocean region. On this score, the record of India’s strategic…

22 April, 2020

Oil Crisis Past to Present

Oil Crisis Past to Present Oil crisis during 1973-74 : An oil crisis is a sudden rise in the price of oil that is often accompanied by decreased supply. Since oil provides the main source of energy for advanced industrial economies, an oil crisis can endanger economic and political stability throughout the global economy. In the post-World War II period there have been two major oil crises. The first occurred in 1973, when Arab members of OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) decided to quadruple the price of oil to almost $12 a barrel (see Arab oil embargo). Oil…

22 April, 2020 Oil diplomacy

India Revokes Ban on Export of Hydroxychloroquine and India-USA Trade Ties

India Revokes Ban on Export of Hydroxychloroquine and India-USA Trade Ties Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III-Economy Recently, India revoked its earlier ban on the export of malaria drug hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), which is being used to treat Covid-19. Note: India last month banned exports of 16 drugs, including hydroxychloroquine and paracetamol. President Trump had sought the lifting of the embargo placed on hydroxychloroquine exports to the US Important U.S. Pressure: The ban on HCQ was revoked by India after U.S. President said that India could invite “retaliation” if it withheld supplies of HCQ. Earlier, the government of India placed HCQ on a restricted items…

10 April, 2020

Operation Sanjeevani

Operation Sanjeevani Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II- IR Recently, India supplied 6.2 tonnes of essential medicines to the Maldives, under Operation Sanjeevani as assistance in the fight against COVID 19. The medicines were delivered by a Hercules C-130J-30 aircraft of Indian Air Force. The medicines include influenza vaccines, antiviral drugs such as lopinavir and ritonavir among others as well as consumables such as catheters, nebulisers, urine bags and infant feeding tubes. Lopinavir and ritonavir have been used to treat patients with COVID-19 in some countries. In March India also dispatched a 14-member Army medical team to the Maldives to set up a viral testing lab there and gifted 5.5 tonnes…

03 April, 2020 Maldives

US Cancels Red Flag

The US Cancels Red Flag Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II- IR Recently, the U.S. Air Force cancelled the Phase-I of Red Flag due to the COVID-19 outbreak. It is a Pacific Air Forces-sponsored exercise meant to provide realistic training in a simulated combat environment over the Joint Pacific Alaska range complex. It is USA’s flagship multilateral air exercise. The Indian Air Force (IAF) was also to take part in the exercise with its Sukhoi Su-30 fighter jets. The IAF joined Red Flag for the first time in 2008 in Nevada. It has deployed Su-30MKI, Jaguar strike aircraft, the Il-78 tankers and the C-17 strategic airlift aircraft in the exercise. However, it had said it would not take part in…

30 March, 2020 U.S.A

Japan and Russia - Kuril Islands

Japan and Russia - Kuril Islands Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II- IR Historical Background Sovereignty Issue of South Kuril Islands: The Kuril Islands dispute between Japan and Russia is over the sovereignty of the South Kuril Islands. The South Kuril Islands comprise Etorofu island, Kunashiri island, Shikotan island and Habomai island. These islands are claimed by Japan but occupied by Russia as the successor state of the Soviet Union. These islands are known as Southern Kurils by Russia whereas Japan calls the Northern Territories. Original Inhabitants-Ainu People: The Kurils were originally inhabited by the Ainu people, and they were later settled by the Russians and Japanese, following several waves of exploration in the 17th and 18th centuries. The…

26 March, 2020 Russia - Japan

India-USA Defense Cooperation

India and USA Military Cooperation Part of: GS Mains and GS-II- IR Preface: India-U.S. bilateral relations have developed into a "global strategic partnership", based on shared democratic values and increasing convergence of interests on bilateral, regional and global issues. The emphasis placed by the Government in India on development and good governance has created an opportunity to reinvigorate bilateral ties and enhance cooperation under the motto --- “ChaleinSaathSaath: Forward Together We Go”, and "SanjhaPrayas, Sab ka Vikas" (Shared Effort, Progress for All) adopted during the first two summits of Prime Minister Modi and President Obama in September 2014 and January…

09 March, 2020 U.S.A

Common Electricity Market for India’s neighbourhood

Common Electricity Market for India’s neighbourhood Syllabus subtopic: India and its Neighborhood- Relations. Prelims and Mains focus: about the move and its significance News: The Union government plans to set up a regional grid that will be leveraged to create a common electricity market for nations in India’s neighbourhood, according to the power and new and renewable energy minister.   About the move The proposed market, which will include Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan and Bangladesh, could aid regional peace and improve the utilization of generation assets—including the stranded assets in India —and efficient price discovery.   While India has…

06 March, 2020 South Asia

India-Iran relations

India-Iran relations Syllabus subtopic: Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and Agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests. Prelims and Mains focus: about the issue; about India-Iran relations News: India summoned the Iranian ambassador to the foreign office to protest remarks made by Iran’s foreign minister on the recent riots in the national capital.   Background In a rare rebuke to India, Iran’s foreign minister slammed the government for the riots in the national capital, which have claimed over 40 lives.   India has drawn criticism for the violent clashes in the national capital but Iran’s comments were unexpected given that…

04 March, 2020 West Asia

US-Taliban sign landmark agreement

US-Taliban sign landmark agreement Syllabus subtopic: Effect of Policies and Politics of Developed and Developing Countries on India’s interests, Indian Diaspora. Prelims and Mains focus: on the agreement and its implications   News: India has signalled its acceptance of the U.S.-Taliban and U.S.-Afghanistan peace agreements in Doha and Kabul that aim to end the 18-year war in Afghanistan, by sending envoys to witness them.   What are the agreements called? 1. US-Taliban agreement: “Agreement for Bringing Peace to Afghanistan between the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan which is not recognised by the United States as a state and is known as…

02 March, 2020 U.S.A

China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC)

China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) CPEC is connecting China’s Xinjiang with Pakistan’s Gwadar port and is regarded as the flagship project of the multi-billion dollar Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) which is aimed at furthering China’s global influence with infrastructure projects funded by Chinese investments all over the world. The CPEC is bilateral project between Pakistan and China, intended to promote connectivity across Pakistan with a network of highways, railways, and pipelines accompanied by energy, industrial, and other infrastructure development projects linking the Western part of China to the Gwadar Port in Balochistan, Pakistan running some 3000 km from Xinjiang to Balochistan…

29 September, 2021 CPEC

UK threatens to pull out of EU trade talks

UK threatens to pull out of EU trade talks Syllabus subtopic: Effect of Policies and Politics of Developed and Developing Countries on India’s interests Prelims and Mains focus: Brexit; the transition deal; conflicting issues between UK and EU regarding its implementation   News: Britain put the prospect of a chaotic Brexit back on the table as it set out its red lines for trade talks with the European Union.   Background Britain left the EU on January 31, but both sides agreed to a standstill transition period lasting until December 31 to allow time to strike a new partnership.  …

28 February, 2020 Britain

India to attend signing of US-Taliban peace deal

India to attend the signing of US-Taliban peace deal Syllabus subtopic: Effect of Policies and Politics of Developed and Developing Countries on India’s interests   Prelims and Mains focus: about US-Taliban peace deal; its significance for India   News: In its first step towards engaging with the Taliban, India has decided to send its envoy to the signing of the peace pact between the US and Taliban in Doha.   Background On February 21, US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said the US and Taliban would sign a peace agreement on February 29, at the end of a week-long period…

28 February, 2020 South Asia

India-Myanmar relations

India-Myanmar relations Syllabus subtopic: India and its Neighborhood- Relations. Prelims and Mains focus: about the details of the agreement signed; about India-Myanmar relations   News: The visiting Myanmar President U Win Myint had a meeting with PM Modi on important bilateral issues. The two sides signed 10 agreements with a focus on the socioeconomic development of Myanmar.   Key takeaways from the meeting Some of the major takeaways are Bus service between Manipur’s Imphal and Myanmar’s Mandalay,   more Rakhine state development programme projects,   medical radiation equipment for the treatment of cancer patients,   cooperation on petroleum, including in…

28 February, 2020 South East Asia

Arab Spring

Arab Spring Syllabus subtopic: Effect of Policies and Politics of Developed and Developing Countries on India’s interests, Indian Diaspora. Prelims and Mains focus: on the Arab Spring and its features News: Hosni Mubarak, the Egyptian leader who for nearly 30 years was the resolute face of stability in the Middle East, died on 25th February, ending his days after a swift and ignominious tumble from power in the Arab world’s pro-democracy upheaval. Though Tunisia’s president fell before him, the ouster of Mr. Mubarak was the more stunning collapse in the face of the Arab Spring shaking regimes across the Arab…

26 February, 2020 West Asia

India-US Comprehensive Global Strategic Partnership

India-US Comprehensive Global Strategic Partnership Syllabus subtopic: Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and Agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests. Prelims and Mains focus: about the visit and its highlights; cooperation in various sectors News: US President Donald Trump concluded his maiden 2-day visit to India.   Key highlights India and the U.S. resolved to upgrade their bilateral relationship to a Comprehensive Global Strategic Partnership that will include issues such as defence, security cooperation and revitalisation of the Indo-Pacific quadrilateral dialogue consisting of Japan, the U.S., India and Australia.   Both sides also called upon Pakistan to rein in cross-border…

26 February, 2020 U.S.A

Possibility of India-US trade deal

Possibility of India-US trade deal Syllabus subtopic: Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and Agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests. Prelims and Mains focus: on Trump’s visit and its impact on India-US relations; the possibilities and the areas where bilateral trade could get a boost.   News: A trade deal during US President Donald Trump’s visit is unlikely. But a changing geopolitical landscape, coupled with closer ties with the US, makes a deal that benefits both nations inevitable.   What’s the state of Indo-US trade ties? Bilateral trade between the US and India has been increasing, with the US recently…

25 February, 2020 U.S.A

India- Maldives Relations

India- Maldives Relations The About Maldives Maldives is a small archipelagic state in the Indian subcontinent of Asia, situated in the Indian Ocean. It lies southwest of Sri Lanka and India, about 700 kilometres (430 mi) from the Asian continent's mainland. The maritime boundary between the Maldives and India runs through the Eight Degree Channel. It separates the islands of Minicoy and Maldives. The chain of 26 atolls stretches from Ihavandhippolhu Atoll in the north to Addu Atoll in the south (across the Equator). Comprising a territory spanning roughly 90,000 square kilometres (35,000 sq mi) including the sea, the land…

27 August, 2021 Maldives

U.S President Trump to visit India

U.S President Trump to visit India Syllabus subtopic: Effect of Policies and Politics of Developed and Developing Countries on India’s interests, Indian Diaspora. Prelims and Mains focus: about the details of the visit; about India-US trade dispute   News: US President Donald Trump is on his first official state visit to India on 24th February. He is scheduled to travel to Ahmedabad, Agra and New Delhi on a three-stop visit that will end on 25th February.   Background “Fair trade" and “America First" have been central planks of Trump’s presidency and a pact with India will burnish his credentials as…

22 February, 2020 U.S.A

UK’s new points-based visa system

UK’s new points-based visa system Syllabus subtopic: Effect of Policies and Politics of Developed and Developing Countries on India’s interests, Indian Diaspora. Prelims and Mains focus: about the new immigration system and its features; about its significance for India   News: United Kingdom’s Home Secretary announced the launch of the UK's new points-based visa system which is inspired by Australia’s points-based immigration system.   Objective It is aimed at attracting the "brightest and the best" from the world, including from India, and cutting down the numbers of cheap, low-skilled workers coming to the United Kingdom.   About the new immigration…

21 February, 2020 Britain

Trump’s visit may seal helicopter deal

Trump’s visit may seal helicopter deal Syllabus subtopic: Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and Agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests. Prelims and Mains focus: about the helicopter deal and its significance; about other deals on the anvil; India-US trade dispute   News: The deal for 24 MH-60R Multi-Role Helicopters (MRH) for the Navy, which is likely to be announced during the visit of U.S. President Donald Trump, is lined up for the final approval of the Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS).   About the deal All procedural requirements for the deal have been completed. The 24 Lockheed Martin-built helicopters,…

19 February, 2020 U.S.A

Tax haven

Tax haven Syllabus subtopic: Effect of Policies and Politics of Developed and Developing Countries on India’s interests, Indian Diaspora. Prelims and Mains focus: about the move and its implications; about tax haven and its characteristics   News: European Union finance ministers added Panama, Seychelles, the Cayman Islands and Palau to the EU’s blacklist of tax havens while giving Turkey more time to avoid being listed.   Background The list, which was set up in 2017 after revelations of widespread tax evasion and avoidance schemes, now includes 12 jurisdictions.   The other listed jurisdictions are Fiji, Oman, Samoa, Trinidad and Tobago, Vanuatu…

19 February, 2020 Europe

5th India Russia military industry conference

5th India Russia military industry conference Syllabus subtopic: Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and Agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests. Prelims and Mains focus: about the event: MoUs signed and their significance; about India-Russia ties News: In a step forward towards addressing the issue of regular spares and support for Russian military equipment with the armed forces, 14 MoUs were signed between Indian and Russian companies for setting up joint ventures covering a range of equipment from modern T-90 tanks to legacy Pechora air defence systems.   About the event The MoUs were signed during the 5th India Russia…

17 February, 2020 Others

USTR takes India off developing country list

USTR takes India off the developing country list Syllabus subtopic: Effect of Policies and Politics of Developed and Developing Countries on India’s interests, Indian Diaspora. Prelims and Mains focus: about the USTR move: criteria and its implications; about CVD and de minimis standard   News: The U.S. government has changed an administrative rule making it easier for it to impose countervailing duties (CVDs) on goods from India and certain other countries.   Background To harmonise U.S. law with the World Trade Organization’s (WTO) Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM) Agreement, the USTR had, in 1998, come up with lists of countries…

14 February, 2020 U.S.A

US-Taliban Peace deal

US-Taliban Peace deal Syllabus subtopic: Effect of Policies and Politics of Developed and Developing Countries on India’s interests Prelims and Mains focus: on the peace deal and its significance; about Us invasion of Afghanistan   News: More than 18 years after the US invaded Afghanistan, President Donald Trump has conditionally approved a peace deal with the Taliban, potentially beginning the end of America’s longest war.   What is the deal about? The deal would see the withdrawal of U.S. troops and the start of peace talks between the insurgents and the Afghan government.   What is the condition on the…

13 February, 2020 U.S.A

India-Sri Lanka DTAA amended

India-Sri Lanka DTAA amended Syllabus subtopic: India and its Neighborhood- Relations. Prelims and Mains focus: about the move and its significance; about DTAA; BEPS; OECD   News: The Union Cabinet, chaired by PM Modi approved signing and ratification of the protocol amending the agreement between India and Sri Lanka for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income.   Background The existing DTAA between India and Sri Lanka was signed on January 22, 2013 and came into force on October 22, 2013.   Why was the amendment required? India and Sri…

13 February, 2020 Sri Lanka

Integrated Air Defence Weapon System (IADWS)

Integrated Air Defence Weapon System (IADWS) Syllabus subtopic: Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and Agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests. Prelims and Mains focus: about the India-US weapon deal; about IADWS   News: The U.S. Department of State has approved the potential sale of a $1.867 billion Integrated Air Defence Weapon System (IADWS) to India.   About the weapon system The Integrated Air Defence Weapon System, also known as the National Advanced Surface to Air Missile System (NASAMS), provides integrated air missile defence and is currently deployed around Washington, DC.   The IADWS system includes radar, launchers, targeting, and…

11 February, 2020 U.S.A

Impact of Coronavirus on India’s imports from China

Impact of Coronavirus on India’s imports from China Syllabus subtopic: India and its Neighborhood- Relations. Prelims and Mains focus: about coronavirus outbreak and its impact on India-China trade; global impact   News: Indian companies are bracing for a major supply shock as the rapid spread of the coronavirus infection in China has forced several factories there to extend a shutdown.   Background First reported in December 2019, the coronavirus has killed 811 people in China and two outside the country, eclipsing the global toll from the outbreak of SARS that started in China almost two decades ago. The accumulated number…

10 February, 2020

India- Africa Defence Ministers conclave

India- Africa Defence Ministers conclave Syllabus subtopic: Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and Agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests. Prelims and Mains focus: about the event and agreements signed; about CCIT   News: The first India- Africa Defence Ministers conclave was recently held at the ongoing Defexpo in Lucknow (UP).   About the event The dialogue was attended by 12 Defence Ministers and 38 countries were represented at the conclave.   Cooperation agreements signed India and several African countries pledged to deepen cooperation to combat the growing threat of terrorism and preserve maritime security by sharing information, intelligence and…

07 February, 2020 African Countries

India-Central Asia connectivity

India-Central Asia connectivity Syllabus subtopic: Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and Agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests. Prelims and Mains focus: on the steps taken  by the govt to improve connectivity with Central Asia; about Ashgabat agreement; Chabahar port; INSTC   News: Apart from developing trade via the Chabahar port in Iran, India would like to explore setting up “air corridors” between India and five Central Asian nations (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan)   What does it mean? The air corridors — similar to what India established in 2018 with Afghanistan — would include regular cargo flights with…

07 February, 2020 Central Asia

Bhutan ends free entry for Indian tourists

Bhutan ends free entry for Indian tourists Syllabus subtopic: India and its Neighborhood- Relations. Prelims and Mains focus: on the move of Bhutan’s govt and its implications on Bhutan-India relations;   News: The National Assembly of Bhutan has passed legislation named ‘Tourism Levy and Exemption Bill of Bhutan’, 2020.   What is it about? Ending decades of free entry to Indian tourists visiting Bhutan, the government in Thimphu has decided to levy a daily Rs.1,200 ($17) fee for “regional tourists” from India, the Maldives and Bangladesh, beginning July 2020.   Children from India, Maldives and Bangladesh under the age of…

05 February, 2020 South Asia

India extends reach in Indian Ocean Region

India extends its reach in Indian Ocean Region Syllabus subtopic: India and its Neighborhood- Relations. Prelims and Mains focus: about India’s efforts to extend its reach in the IOR; about Vanilla islands; about India-Madagascar relations   News: India’s flood relief outreach to Madagascar will be followed up this week, as the island’s Defence Minister travels to Lucknow and Delhi from Tuesday.   Background The Indian navy conducted “Operation Vanilla”, with INS Airavat delivering relief materials including food, clothing, medicines and water. The humanitarian gesture by New Delhi also showcased India’s strategic capabilities in the furthermost islands of the IOR under…

04 February, 2020

UK finally leaves European Union

The UK finally leaves European Union Syllabus subtopic: Effect of Policies and Politics of Developed and Developing Countries on India’s interests, Indian Diaspora. Prelims and Mains focus: all about the Brexit issue; the Irish backstop agreement; about European Union   News: After more than three years of political wrangling, the departure of two prime ministers, and dozens of furious protests across the United Kingdom, Brexit is finally happening.   Context: At 23:00 GMT, on January 31, the UK will officially end its 47-year membership of the European Union - becoming the first country ever to leave the bloc, and enter…

31 January, 2020 Britain

Trump unveils West Asia plan

Trump unveils West Asia plan Syllabus subtopic: Effect of Policies and Politics of Developed and Developing Countries on India’s interests, Indian Diaspora. Prelims and Mains focus: on the proposals in the west Asia plan and its implications; on the Israel- Palestine dispute   News: U.S. President Donald Trump on Tuesday unveiled the West Asia plan as part of a peace plan to end decades of conflict in the region.   What are Trump’s proposals? The US will recognise Israeli sovereignty over territory that Mr Trump's plan envisages being part of Israel. The plan includes a conceptual map that Mr Trump…

29 January, 2020 West Asia

India, France to partner on museums

India, and France to partner on museums Syllabus subtopic: Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and Agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests. Prelims and Mains focus: about India- France cooperation and its significance; Indo-France ties News: India and France will work together in the field of museums, cultural spaces and research, and a joint working group will be established for this purpose, the Ministry of Culture said.   The task of the working group The working group would explore the partnership between the National Museum in Delhi and a French counterpart to be designated by the French government.   The…

29 January, 2020 France

Oslo Accords

Oslo Accords Syllabus subtopic: Effect of Policies and Politics of Developed and Developing Countries on India’s interests, Indian Diaspora. Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and Agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.   Prelims and Mains focus: About the move to withdraw and its implications, About Oslo Accords, West bank settlements; Six-Days war   News: Palestinian officials threatened on Sunday to withdraw from key provisions of the Oslo Accords, which define relations with Israel, if U.S. President Donald Trump announces his West Asia peace plan next week.   Why? Mr. Trump’s initiative will turn Israel’s temporary occupation (of Palestinian territory)…

27 January, 2020 U.S.A

Sagarmatha Dialogue

Sagarmatha Dialogue Syllabus subtopic: Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and Agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests. India and its Neighborhood- Relations.   Prelims and Mains focus: About the event and its significance   News: Nepal has invited the Prime Ministers of India and Pakistan, along with several other heads of governments and states, for the Sagarmatha Dialogue (Sagarmatha Sambaad).   Background India and Pakistan have been caught up in a cycle of hostility which has prevented Islamabad from hosting the SAARC summit since 2016.   The dialogue aims at drawing all the SAARC leaders and providing an opportunity to…

24 January, 2020 Nepal

India-Brazil agreement on legal and criminal cooperation

India-Brazil agreement on legal and criminal cooperation Syllabus subtopic: Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and Agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests. Prelims and Mains focus: about the Brazilian President’s visit: agreements to be signed and their significance; about India-Brazil relations   News: The Union Cabinet on Wednesday approved an agreement on bilateral legal and criminal cooperation to be sealed during the coming visit of President Jair Bolsonaro of Brazil.   Context: Brazilian President Bolsonaro is scheduled to arrive on Friday to be the chief guest at the Republic Day celebrations.   Aim of the agreement To enhance effectiveness of…

23 January, 2020 Brazil

India, Brazil to sign Strategic Action Plan

India, Brazil to sign Strategic Action Plan Syllabus subtopic: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India's interests Prelims and Mains focus: about the agreements to be signed during the Brazilian President’s visit; about India-Brazil relations News: India and Brazil will upgrade their strategic partnership with an “action plan” and sign a Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) when Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro visits as the Chief Guest of the Republic Day celebrations from 24-27.   About the agreements to be signed during the visit Strategic Action Plan: The Strategic Partnership Action Plan will serve as an “umbrella…

22 January, 2020 Brazil

Iran says it may pull out of NPT

Iran says it may pull out of NPT Syllabus subtopic: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India's interests, Indian diaspora. Prelims and Mains focus: about the NPT and its significance; about JCPOA News: Iran said on Monday it will consider withdrawing from the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) if a dispute over its atomic programme goes before the UN Security Council.   Background Britain, France and Germany launched a process last week charging Iran with failing to observe the terms of the 2015 nuclear deal, a move that could eventually see the…

21 January, 2020 West Asia

India-EU summit 2020

India-EU summit 2020 Syllabus subtopic: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India's interests   Prelims and Mains focus: about the India-EU summit and its significance; about Raisina Dialogue and its importance   News: PM Modi is likely to visit Brussels in March for the next India-European Union summit. While the dates have not been officially announced, the proposed date is likely to be March 13.   Background The March summit will take place against the backdrop of the protests against the Citizenship (Amendment) Act and the government’s move to revoke the special status of Jammu…

18 January, 2020 Europe

China-Myanmar Economic Corridor (CMEC)

China-Myanmar Economic Corridor (CMEC) Syllabus subtopic: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India's interests, Indian diaspora. Prelims and Mains focus: on China’s outreach to Myanmar and its significance; its impact on India; about CPEC; BRI   News: President Xi Jinping’s visit to Myanmar starting Friday promises to turn a region that was once known as the “back door” to China into a “highway” to the Bay of Bengal by launching multiple projects under the so-called China-Myanmar Economic Corridor. The CMEC, in turn, is being presented as a critical element of Beijing’s ambitious Belt and Road…

17 January, 2020

India-Malaysia trade-dispute

India-Malaysia trade-dispute Syllabus subtopic: India and its neighbourhood- relations. Prelims and Mains focus: on the move to curb imports from Malaysia and its impact on trade relations between the two countries News: Trade tensions between India and Malaysia have aggravated with the Narendra Modi government’s latest move to restrict palm oil imports from the latter.   Context: India has a trade deficit of $4.4 billion with Malaysia in FY19. Malaysia’s palm oil exports to India grew 73% in January-November 2019.     What’s the backdrop for the stand-off? India-Malaysia ties turned bitter as the latter gave shelter in 2016 to…

16 January, 2020 Indo Pacific Region

Iran’s violation of nuclear deal

Iran’s violation of the nuclear deal Syllabus subtopic: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India's interests, Indian diaspora. Prelims and Mains focus: about the move by European countries to restrict Iran and its likely implications; about JCPOA   News: Britain, France and Germany ratcheted up pressure on Iran on Tuesday to cease its violations of a landmark nuclear deal, stressing that they want to resolve differences through talks while starting the clock on a process that could result in a so­called “snapback” of United Nations sanctions.   Context: The 2015 nuclear deal, known as the…

15 January, 2020 West Asia

Tibet’s new law on ethnic unity

Tibet’s new law on ethnic unity Syllabus subtopic: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India's interests, Indian diaspora. Prelims and Mains focus: on the new law passed by Tibet and its significance; the Dalai lama tradition   News: For the first time, Tibet has passed a law making ethnic unity mandatory, reflecting the significant role it plays in the sensitive remote Himalayan region's economic and social development.   About the new law The People's Congress of Tibet on Saturday passed the legislation, which will take effect from May 1, guaranteeing ethnic unity in the territory.…

14 January, 2020

Libya ceasefire

Libya ceasefire Syllabus subtopic: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India's interests, Indian diaspora. Prelims and Mains focus: About the crisis in Libya and its impact on the regional and global geopolitics   News: Both sides in Libya’s conflict agreed to a ceasefire from Sunday to end nine months of fighting following weeks of international diplomacy and calls for a truce by power­brokers Russia and Turkey.   Background The oil­rich North African country has been wracked by bloody turmoil since a NATO­backed uprising killed long­time dictator Moamer Kadhafi in 2011, with multiple foreign powers now…

13 January, 2020 African Countries

India, Sri Lanka foreign ministers’ meet

India, and Sri Lanka foreign ministers meet Syllabus subtopic: India and its neighbourhood- relations. Prelims and Mains focus: About the recent meeting between the foreign ministers and the discussions held; about ETCA and its significance; About Mahabodhi Temple   News: India and Sri Lanka on Thursday discussed the “entire gamut of bilateral ties”, during talks between the visiting Sri Lankan Minister of Foreign Relations, Skills Development, Employment and Labour Relations, Dinesh Gunawardena, and External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar on Thursday.   Background The visit by the Sri Lankan Minister, his first visit abroad after taking charge, comes after the visit…

10 January, 2020 Sri Lanka

What’s next in U.S.­Iran conflict?

What’s next in the U.S.­Iran conflict? Syllabus subtopic: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India's interests, Indian diaspora. Prelims and Mains focus: on the escalation in US-Iran tensions and its geopolitical implications   News: Five days after Major General Qassem Soleimani, the Qods Force chief, was killed in a U.S. air strike outside Baghdad airport, Iran on Wednesday launched ballistic missile attacks at American troops in two military bases in Iraq.     What did the attack achieve? President Donald Trump has said that there were no American casualties in the attacks on the Erbil…

09 January, 2020 West Asia

China, Pakistan navies deploy submarines in strategic Arabian Sea

China, and Pakistan navies deploy submarines in the strategic Arabian Sea Syllabus subtopic: India and its neighbourhood - relations. Prelims and Mains focus: about the exercise; Gwadar and Chabahar ports; China incursions in India’s neighbourhood and their implications   News: Navies of China and Pakistan, holding nine-day exercises in the Arabian Sea to enhance their all-weather strategic partnership, have for the first-time deployed submarines, providing a rare major exposure to the Chinese navy in the region.   About Pakistan-China Joint maritime exercise The joint maritime exercises began on Monday in the North Arabian Sea, regarded strategically significant for China which is…

09 January, 2020

Rising oil prices may hit Budget math

Rising oil prices may hit Budget math Syllabus subtopic: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India's interests, Indian diaspora. Prelims and Mains focus: on the geopolitical tensions between U.S. and Iran and their impact on India’s economy   News: The prices of crude oil constituting the Indian basket has been increasing since October and is likely to exceed $70 a barrel this month on escalating U.S.­ Iran tensions.   Background Major General Qassem Soleimani, the Iranian Revolutionary Guards commander, was recently killed in a US strike at Baghdad International Airport. He was the long-serving head…

09 January, 2020 West Asia

India faces a year of tough trade talks

India faces a year of tough trade talks Syllabus subtopic: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India's interests Prelims and Mains focus: about the challenges India will be facing in negotiating trade deals this year; about RCEP, CECA, BTIA, GSP: their significance News: After walking out of negotiations on the 16­nation Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) free trade agreement, the government said it would renegotiate its existing free trade agreements (FTA) and redouble its efforts to conclude other trade negotiations. The task is likely to swamp negotiators of both the Commerce and Industries and External…

06 January, 2020 Others

Economy braces for a crude shock after US airstrike kills Iran general

Economy braces for a crude shock after US airstrike kills Iran general Syllabus subtopic: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India's interests, Indian diaspora. Prelims and Mains focus: escalating US-Iran tensions and their impact on India’s economy   News: Investors in India were rattled on Friday after a US airstrike killed a top Iranian general, sending crude oil prices soaring, a development that could further strain the finances of the world’s third largest crude importer and deepen an economic slowdown.     Context: Crude oil futures in London and New York surged by more than…

04 January, 2020 West Asia

India, Nepal to hold talks on Kalapani

India, Nepal to hold talks on Kalapani Syllabus subtopic: India and its neighbourhood relations. Prelims and Mains focus: on the Kalapani dispute between India and Nepal; on the Treaty of Sagauli   News: Nepal and India will resolve the Kalapani border issue through dialogue, the Ministry of External Affairs said on Thursday.   Context: Nepal has raised objections after India released its new political map in November last year following the reorganisation of Jammu and Kashmir.   Nepal claimed that Limpiyadhura, Lipulek, and Kalapani areas were shown under India’s territory even though they lie within the Nepalese territory.   India…

03 January, 2020 Nepal

Free trade agreement with Mauritius near finalization

The free trade agreement with Mauritius near finalization Syllabus subtopic: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India's interests Prelims and Mains focus: on the proposed India-Mauritius FTA and its significance; India-Mauritius economic relations News: India is close to finalising a proposed free trade agreement (FTA) with Mauritius, with several rounds of negotiations to improve market access between the two countries having been completed, the Ministry of Commerce and Industry said on Wednesday.   Background Seven rounds of India-Mauritius CECPA negotiations have been held till now. During these rounds, negotiations focussed on various aspects including trade…

02 January, 2020 Others

Taiwan passes law to combat China influence

Taiwan passes a law to combat China's influence Syllabus subtopic: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India's interests, Indian diaspora. Prelims and Mains focus: about the bill passed by Taiwan; China-Taiwan dispute; difference between One China policy and principle   News: Taiwan passed a controversial bill on Tuesday aimed at countering China’s influence on the self­ruled island, less than two weeks before it goes to the polls to elect a new President.   What is the Bill about? The “anti­-infiltration Bill” pushed by President TsaiIng­wen’s Beijing­sceptic ruling party became law despite strong objection from the…

01 January, 2020

U.S. forces hit Iraqi Hezbollah bases

U.S. forces hit Iraqi Hezbollah bases Syllabus subtopic: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India's interests, Indian diaspora. Prelims and Mains focus: about the conflict in West Asia and its consequences for global geopolitics; about Hezbollah   News: The U.S. has bombed the headquarters of the Iran-backed Iraqi Hezbollah militant group in Iraq and Syria, the Pentagon said on Sunday, following a rocket attack in Iraq that killed an American civilian contractor.   Context: The attack was in response to repeated Kata’ib Hezbollah (KH) attacks on Iraqi bases that host Operation Inherent Resolve (OIR) coalition…

30 December, 2019 West Asia

Russia deploys hypersonic nuclear missile

Russia deploys hypersonic nuclear missile Syllabus subtopic: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India's interests, Indian diaspora. Prelims and Mains focus: About Avangard and its significance; tensions in US-Russia relations News: Russia has deployed its first hypersonic nuclear-capable missiles, called Avangard, with Vladimir Putin boasting that it puts his country in a class of its own.   Background: Russian President Putin unveiled the Avangard and other prospective weapons systems in his state-of-the-nation address in March 2018, saying its ability to make sharp manoeuvres on its way to a target would render missile defense useless. “It…

28 December, 2019 Others

China sails carrier group through Taiwan Strait as election nears

China sails carrier group through Taiwan Strait as election nears Syllabus subtopic: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India's interests, Indian diaspora. Prelims and Mains focus: on the developments in China-Taiwan relations; One-China Policy and how it is different from the One-china principle   News: China has sailed its new aircraft carrier into the Taiwan Strait, Taiwan’s defense ministry said on Thursday, as a presidential election campaigning was in full swing on the island amid heighten tension with Beijing.     Background Taiwan holds a presidential vote on Jan. 11 with President Tsai Ing-wen hoping…

27 December, 2019

Rohingyas to be moved to Bhansan Char

Rohingyas to be moved to Bhansan Char Context: Bangladesh is racing to turn an uninhabited and muddy Bay of Bengal island into home for 100,000 Rohingya Muslims who have fled a military crackdown in Myanmar, amid conflicting signals from top Bangladeshi officials about whether the refugees would end up being stranded there.   News: Bhansan Char island would be a “temporary arrangement” to ease congestion at the camps in Cox’s Bazar, refuge for nearly 700,000 who have crossed from the north of Myanmar’s Rakhine state . Rohingyas would only be able to leave the island if they wanted to go…

21 October, 2019 South East Asia

STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP COUNCIL BETWEEN INDIA AND SAUDI ARABIA

STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP COUNCIL BETWEEN INDIA AND SAUDI ARABIA   CONTEXT: The Prime Minister of India visited Saudi Arabia from 28th- 29th October 2019. The visit was the second visit of the Prime Minister to the country in three years. NEWS : • India-Saudi Strategic Partnership Council was formed to coordinate on strategically important issues. The council will be headed by the Prime Minister and Crown Prince Mohammed and will meet every two years.  • India is the fourth country with which Saudi Arabia has formed such a strategic partnership, after the UK, France and China. • 12 Memorandum of Understandings (MoUs) on issues related…

29 October, 2019 West Asia

INDO-FRENCH JOINT EXERCISE SHAKTI-2019

INDO-FRENCH JOINT EXERCISE SHAKTI-2019 CONTEXT: Indian and French armies will conduct joint counter-terrorism drills under 'Exercise Shakti-2019' in the Mahajan field firing range in Rajasthan.   PURPOSE: The joint exercise will focus on counter-terrorism operations in the backdrop of semi-desert terrain under the United Nations mandate,   ABOUT THE EXERCISE: A contingent of the Sikh Regiment of south western command will represent the Indian Army in the exercise, while the French Army delegation will be represented by troops of the 21st Marine Infantry Regiment of the 6th Armoured Brigade. The biennial exercise between the armies of the two countries had…

28 October, 2019 France

KATARPUR CORRIDOR

KATARPUR CORRIDOR    Context : India and Pakistan signed the agreement on the Kartarpur corridor. The agreement relates to the modalities for operationalisation of the Kartarpur Sahib Corridor at Zero Point, International Boundary, Dera Baba Nanak. Indian pilgrims of all faiths and persons of Indian origin can use the corridor and the travel will be Visa Free Pilgrims need to carry only a valid passport and the Corridor is open from dawn to dusk Pilgrims travelling in the morning will have to return on the same day. NEWS : Currently, pilgrims from India have to take a bus to Lahore…

25 October, 2019 Pakistan

18th NON ALIGNMENT SUMMIT

18th NON-ALIGNMENT SUMMIT  CONTEXT: # 18th Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) summit to be held in Baku, Azerbaijan. # PM Modi skips NAM summit again (for 2nd time) # PM’s absence indicates a decisive move away from past practice at the 60-year-old organisation that India was a founding member of. NEWS : Vice-President M. Venkaiah Naidu will represent India at the 18th NAM summit. 17th NAM Summit (which was held in Venezuela) was represented by then Vice-President Hamid Ansari. Since NAM was inaugurated in 1961, the Indian Prime Minister has always attended the NAM summit, except in 1979, when Chaudhury Charan Singh was the caretaker PM and…

24 October, 2019 U.S.A

LOOKING AT THE LARGER PICTURE

LOOKING AT THE LARGER PICTURE Context : India should not let the contentious issues dictate the overall tenor of bilateral relations Background: India's decision to put off PM Modi's visit to Turkey on the basis of Tukey's criticism over dilution of Article 370. This decision over foreign policy is a sign of knee-jerk diplomacy and also demonstrates a lack of familiarity with the Turkey's historical record on Kashmir. Relations between Pakistan and Turkey: 1. Both are members of Central Treaty Organisation (CENTO). 2. Both are members of ORCD ( Organisation for Regional Cooperation And Development) and also in Organisation of…

23 October, 2019 West Asia

India, Iran agree to accelerate Chabahar port development

India, and Iran agree to accelerate the Chabahar port development Syllabus subtopic: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India's interests Prelims and Mains focus:  About the 19th India-Iran joint commission meeting; Chabahar port and its significance for India’s diplomacy   News: The External Affairs Minister Subrahmanyam Jaishankar met with Iranian Foreign Minister Javad Zarif for a meeting of the 19th India­Iran joint commission, including talks on the Chabahar port, during a visit that could see him dealing with concerns of Indian expatriates over the Citizenship (Amendment) Act as well.   Background The meeting of the…

23 December, 2019 West Asia

India, US conclude Industrial Security Annex

India, US conclude Industrial Security Annex Syllabus subtopic: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India's interests Prelims and Mains focus: about Industrial Security Annex and its significance in Indo-US relations, 2+2 dialogue   News: India and the US have concluded the Industrial Security Annex agreement, which will facilitate collaboration between defence industries by supporting the secure transfer of key information and technology.   Industrial Security Annex ISA will enable smooth transfer of classified technology and information between private entities of the U.S. and India. The ISA is a part of the General Security of Military…

21 December, 2019 U.S.A

US President Donald Trump impeachment

US President Donald Trump's impeachment Syllabus subtopic: Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries Prelims and Mains focus: the process of impeachment of US President and its comparison with the process for Indian President’s impeachment   News: The impeachment of President Donald Trump in the U.S. House of Representatives on charges of abuse of power and obstruction of Congress sets the stage for a historic trial next month in the Republican controlled Senate on whether he should be removed from office.   What next? Mr Trump is certain to face more friendly terrain during a trial in…

20 December, 2019 U.S.A

Indo-Russian military exercise concludes

indo-Russian military exercise concludes Syllabus subtopic: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests. Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology and developing new technology.   Prelims and Mains focus: about INDRA exercise and its significance in building Indo-Russia defence ties; AKASH missile and LCA Tejas   News: The air force component of ‘Ex INDRA 19’ (AVIAINDIRA’19), a joint exercise between India and Russia, successfully concluded on Thursday at the Air Force Station in Lohegaon in Pune.   Details about…

20 December, 2019 Others

India-Bangladesh technical talks on sharing of river water cancelled

India-Bangladesh technical talks on sharing of river water cancelled Syllabus subtopic: India and its neighbourhood - relations. Prelims and Mains focus: about Indo-Bangladesh Joint River Commission and its significance; rivers shared by India and Bangladesh News: The India-Bangladesh Joint Rivers Commission’s technical-level talks that were scheduled to begin on Thursday were cancelled at the last minute, an official of the Ministry of Jal Shakti said on Wednesday.   What was the reason? Though the official didn’t mention any specific reason for cancellation of the talks, he said, “It was a request from the Bangladesh side.”   However, sources said the…

19 December, 2019 Bangladesh

Qatar hopeful of ending rift with Saudi Arabia

Qatar hopeful of ending rift with Saudi Arabia Syllabus subtopic: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India's interests, Indian diaspora. Prelims and Mains focus: on the Qatar diplomatic crisis and the countries involved; related geographical locations; impact on India’s interest   News: Qatar’s Foreign Minister has voiced optimism over ending a bitter rift with Riyadh, saying early talks broke a “stalemate” but stressed Doha’s unwillingness to downgrade ties with Turkey as a pre­condition.   Background Saudi Arabia along with its allies the UAE, Bahrain and Egypt cut all diplomatic and transport ties with Qatar in…

17 December, 2019 West Asia

Boris Johnson wins huge majority

Boris Johnson wins a huge majority Syllabus subtopic: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India's interests, Indian diaspora. Prelims and mains focus: Brexit and its consequences for geopolitics in Europe and the world News: Britain was speeding towards Brexit on Friday after Prime Minister Boris Johnson won a crushing election victory, ending three years of uncertainty since the country decided to leave the bloc.   Background Exiting the European Union (EU), a goal Mr. Johnson has pursued relentlessly since he put himself forward as the face of the victorious “Leave” campaign in a 2016 referendum, is…

14 December, 2019 Europe

Shinzo Abe defers visit to India amid North-East protests

Shinzo Abe defers visit to India amid North-East protests Syllabus subtopic: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India's interests, Indian diaspora. Prelims and Mains focus: about Citizenship Amendment Act 2019 and the diplomatic pressure faced by India, About  Indo-japan relations News: Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe’s visit to India for a planned summit with Prime Minister Narendra Modi has been deferred amid violent protests over the citizenship law in Assam and elsewhere in the North-East. The Japanese government clearly conveyed to New Delhi that it would not be possible for Abe to travel to Guwahati…

14 December, 2019 East Asia

India faces a diplomatic challenge

India faces a diplomatic challenge Syllabus subtopic: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India's interests, Indian diaspora. Prelims and Mains focus: about USCRIF 2019 report, citizenship amendment bill 2019, diplomatic challenges faced by India regarding the passage of CAB News:  In the wake of a statement from United States Congress members on the Citizenship Amendment Bill (CAB), the Union government has spoken to lawmakers across parties in Washington, the External Affairs Ministry said.   Context: New Delhi is grappling with the diplomatic and logistical fallout of the Bill on relations with Bangladesh and Afghanistan and…

13 December, 2019 Others

Iran nuclear deal parties meet in Vienna as accord nears collapse

Iran nuclear deal parties meet in Vienna as accord nears collapse Syllabus subtopic: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India's interests, Indian diaspora. News: The signatories to the Iran nuclear deal stressed their commitment to the faltering accord during crunch talks in Vienna on Friday, as Tehran vowed to continue to breach limits on its nuclear programme.   Prelims and Mains focus: About Iran nuclear deal, US withdrawal from JCPOA and its impact on the world and India’s interests.   About the meet Envoys from Britain, France, Germany, China, Russia and Iran took part in…

07 December, 2019 West Asia

India, Sweden to sign MoU for polar science cooperation

India, Sweden to sign MoU for polar science cooperation Syllabus subtopic: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India's interests News: India and Sweden are likely to sign their first maritime cooperation agreement, Cooperation in Polar Science, during the visit to India of the Swedish royal couple and senior Ministers, including Foreign Minister Anne Linde.   Prelims and Mains focus: about the highlights of the visit, India-Sweden relations   The Cooperation in Polar Science will encompass both Arctic and Antarctic.   In the past few years, India has signed a series of maritime information exchange as…

02 December, 2019 Europe

Six European nations join Iran barter system

Six European nations join Iran's barter system Syllabus subtopic: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India's interests, Indian diaspora. News: Paris, London and Berlin on Saturday welcomed six new European countries to the INSTAX barter mechanism   Prelims focus: about INSTEX barter mechanism, working and members Mains focus: the significance of the move, U.S-Iran issue and its impact on India’s trade with Iran and other aspects of the geopolitics   What is it? The Instrument in Support of Trade Exchanges (INSTEX ) is designed to circumvent U.S. sanctions against trade with Iran by avoiding the…

02 December, 2019 West Asia

Modi offers $450 mn line of credit to Lanka after talks with Rajapaksa

Modi offers $450 mn lines of credit to Lanka after talks with Rajapaksa Syllabus subtopic: India and its neighbourhood- relations. News: PM Modi on Friday offered a credit line of $400 million for infrastructure projects and $50 million for counter-terror measures to Sri Lanka during a visit by its new President Gotabaya Rajapaksa.   Prelims and Mains focus: key highlights of the meeting, about Indo-Sri Lanka relations, the impact of current world geopolitics on Indo- Sri Lanka relations   Key takeaways of the meeting: Rajapaksa announced the release of Indian fishermen’s boats held by Sri Lanka. New Delhi and Colombo…

30 November, 2019 Sri Lanka

India-Japan to engage in 2+2 dialogue today

India-Japan to engage in 2+2 dialogue today Syllabus subtopic: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India's interests News: Ahead of Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe’s visit to India in mid-December, India and Japan are going to hold the inaugural meeting of the India-Japan Foreign and Defence Ministerial Dialogue (2+2) on Saturday in Delhi.   Prelims and Mains focus: about 2+2 dialogue, Quad grouping an its significance, Indo-Japan relations     About the 2+2 dialogue It is held between the defence and foreign ministers of the two countries.   So far, only India and the US have…

30 November, 2019 East Asia

At 17.5 million, Indian diaspora largest in the world

At 17.5 million, Indian diaspora largest in the world: UN report Syllabus subtopic: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India's interests, Indian diaspora. News: India was the leading country of origin of international migrants in 2019 with a 17.5 million strong diaspora, according to new estimates released by the United Nations, which said the number of migrants globally reached an estimated 272 million.   Prelims and Mains focus: on the key findings of the report and its significance, issues related to migration, causes and its impact on the world   UN body publishing the report:…

29 November, 2019 Others

RCEP TRADE NEGOTIATIONS ON STICKY GROUND?

RCEP TRADE NEGOTIATIONS ON STICKY GROUND Context : RCEP countries are expected to finalize the free trade agreement among their member countries by November 2019. The Leaders Summit will be held on November 4th in Bangkok, Thailand. What is RCEP? Members: It includes 10 ASEAN members as well as India, China, Australia, New Zealand, Japan and South Korea. RCEP consists of 47 % of the World Population, one-third of the global GDP and 27% of global trade. Advantages of RCEP : 1. It will bring stability to trade relations in an area where such ties have historically been unpredictable. 2.…

20 October, 2019 South East Asia

PAKISTAN IN FATFs GREY LIST

PAKISTAN IN FATFs GREY LIST Context : Pakistan has been included in the grey list of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF).  What is FATF? The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) is an inter-governmental body established in 1989 by G7 countries in Paris. The FATF is therefore a “policy-making body” which works to generate the necessary political will to bring about national legislative and regulatory reforms in these areas. The FATF's decision-making body, the FATF Plenary, meets three times per year.   FATF Headquarters: Paris, Frace Objectives : To set standards and promote effective implementation of legal, regulatory and operational measures…

19 October, 2019 Pakistan

BREXIT

All About Brexit What is Brexit? Brexit - British exit - refers to the UK leaving the EU. What is the European Union? The EU is an economic and political union involving 28 European countries. It allows free trade and free movement of people, to live and work in whichever country they choose. The UK joined in 1973 (when it was known as the European Economic Community). If the UK leaves, it would be the first member state to withdraw from the EU. Why is the UK leaving? A public vote - or referendum - was held on Thursday 23…

18 October, 2019 Britain

HONG KONG HUMAN RIGHTS AND DEMOCRACY ACT

HONG KONG HUMAN RIGHTS AND DEMOCRACY ACT CONTEXT: The U.S. Senate unanimously adopted legislation-the "Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act" supporting the "Pro-Democracy" movement in Hong Kong threatening to revoke its special economic status. This step angered China which threatened countermeasures. Lawmakers also approved a measure that would ban the sale of tear gas, rubber bullets and other equipment that have been used by security forces to suppress protests. BACKGROUND: Hong Kong used to be a British colony, got independence in 1997 and became a part of the Chinese city. According to the constitutional principle-One Country, Two Systems ( Now It…

17 October, 2019

China's Uighur policy

China's Uighur policy Syllabus subtopic: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian diaspora. News: International concern has been growing about what China is doing to its Uighur population. Reports have emerged of China ‘homogenising’ the Uighurs.   Prelims focus: About Uighurs and their issue with the Chinese govt. Mains focus: Ethnic conflicts in China and their consequences for the world order.   Issues Around a million Uighurs, Kazakhs and other Muslims have been bundled into internment camps, where they are allegedly being schooled into giving up their identity and assimilating better in the communist country dominated by the Han Chinese. China…

20 November, 2019

A TURKISH MISADVENTURE

A TURKISH MISADVENTURE History : Ottoman Empire under the Khilafat ideology ruled the whole of West Asia along with Syria till World War I 1 with Istanbul as its capital. After World War I, Kemal Ataturk's Revolution transitioned from Ottoman Empire to a secular Turkish National identity Present Ideology of Erdogan: 1. Similar views like Ottoman's Khilafat.Reiterating Turkish Islamic rules (against Kemal's secular ideology). 2. Wanted to establish a buffer zone or safe zone up to 480 km wide and 35 km Deep till Rojava. Purpose: a. To shift Syrian refugees                  b. To…

16 October, 2019 West Asia

ADMM-Plus meeting

ADMM-Plus meeting Syllabus subtopic: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests. News: The latest ADMM-Plus meeting where Defence Ministers of ASEAN countries and eight other nations would gather and discuss the way forward for security cooperation, is being held in Bangkok.   Prelims and Mains focus: ADMM- Plus- composition, objectives and significance.   ASEAN Defence Ministers’ Meeting Plus (ADMM-Plus): Consistent with the ADMM guiding principles of open and outward-looking, the 2nd ADMM in Singapore in 2007 adopted the Concept Paper to establish the ADMM-Plus.   The ADMM-Plus is a platform for ASEAN and its eight Dialogue Partners to strengthen security and defence…

18 November, 2019 South East Asia

Gotabaya Rajapaksa all set to become next Sri Lankan president

Gotabaya Rajapaksa is all set to become the next Sri Lankan president Syllabus subtopic: India and its neighbourhood-relations News: Sri Lanka People’s Front party presidential election candidate and former wartime defence secretary Gotabaya Rajapaksa is all set to become president of the island nation after his main rival conceded defeat on Sunday.  Prelims and Mains focus India-Sri Lanka relations, Context: Gotabaya’s election heralds the return of the family which oversaw the elimination of the dreaded Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) separatist group in 2009 into the political mainstream in Sri Lanka. One of Gotabaya’s pre-poll promises was to bring back…

18 November, 2019 South Asia

Quad group

Quad Group Syllabus subtopic: India and its neighbourhood- relations. News: Quad countries recently reviewed the situation in Indo- The pacific region. The participants also supported an ASEAN-led mechanism for the regional architecture for the region. Prelims focus Members of the Quad grouping, countries in the Indian Ocean region, Chinese military bases. Mains focus: The Quad grouping- features, significance, concerns and potential.   Background: The 10- nation Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is considered one of the most influential groupings in the region and India and several other countries including the US, China, Japan and Australia are its dialogue partners.   About Quad The…

09 November, 2019 Others

Kalapani Territory

Kalapani Territory Syllabus subtopic: India and its neighbourhood- relations. News:  Nepal government has strongly objected to the inclusion of ‘Kalapani’ under the Indian Territory as per the newly released political map of India.   Prelims focus Location of Kalapani. Mains focus: About the dispute, India’s concerns and solutions.   Issue In the latest map, India included Kalapani in the Pithoragarh district of Uttarakhand. Nepal's government says that Kalapani is an integral part of the country and that talks are still on between New Delhi and Kathmandu over this “unresolved” area. Foreign secretaries of both countries have been assigned the responsibility to resolve the remaining border-related issues between…

09 November, 2019 Nepal

Feni River Dispute

Feni River Dispute Syllabus subtopic: India and its neighbourhood- relations. News: The Union Cabinet has given its ex-post facto approval for a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between India and Bangladesh on the withdrawal of 1.82 cusecs (cubic feet per second) of water from the Feni river by India for a drinking water supply scheme for Sabroom town in Tripura. Prelims focus Feni river, origin and tributaries. Mains focus: Significance and the need for MoU.    About Feni river: The Feni river forms part of the India-Bangladesh border. It originates in the South Tripura district, passes through Sabroom town on the Indian side, and meets the Bay of Bengal after it…

08 November, 2019 Bangladesh

US withdrawal from the Paris Agreement

US withdrawal from the Paris Agreement Syllabus subtopic: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian diaspora. News: United States initiated the process of leaving the Paris Agreement, notifying the United Nations of its withdrawal from the landmark climate deal. The withdrawal will take effect one year from delivery of the notification Prelims focus Overview of the Paris agreement. Mains focus: Concerns and issues over US exit, its implications. Main Concern: After it leaves, the US will be the only country left out of the global protocol. Syria and Nicaragua, the last remaining countries who were earlier holding out, also became signatories…

06 November, 2019 U.S.A

Iran Nuclear Deal (JCPOA)

Iran Nuclear Deal (JCPOA) Syllabus subtopic: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian diaspora. News: Iran has taken further steps away from its crumbling nuclear deal with world powers by announcing it is doubling the number of its advanced centrifuges, calling the move a direct result of the United States’ withdrawal from the agreement last year.   Prelims focus: Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) – objectives Mains focus: US withdrawal from the deal, global implications and the need of the hour.   Iran’s objective By doing so, Iran is trying to increase the pressure on…

06 November, 2019 Others

Agreement on Reciprocal Logistics Support (ARLS)

Agreement on Reciprocal Logistics Support (ARLS) India and Russia are finalising a defence agreement that will simplify interoperability and enable military platforms to receive support and supplies across bases in both nations- Agreement on Reciprocal Logistics Support (ARLS). It is an arrangement that will allow access to India and Russia, to each other’s military facilities for supplies and fuel, expanding the logistics support and operational turnaround of the Indian military. Benefits and mutual significance: This will be beneficial for the Indian Navy, which has a large number of Russian-origin ships, that will get access to Russian ports for supplies and refuelling. It…

30 April, 2021 Russia

Jadhav case: Pak violates its obligations

Jadhav case: Pak violates its obligations Syllabus subtopic: Important International institutions, agencies and fora, their structure, mandate. News: Pakistan violated its obligations under the Vienna Convention in the arrest and detention of Indian national Kulbhushan Jadhav, Justice Abduylqawi Jadhav, International Court of Justice (ICJ) President told the United Nations General Assembly. Prelims focus: All about ICJ, its structure and mandate, Vienna Convention Mains focus: Jadhav’s case and what India can now do in this case. Kulbhushan Jadhav Case Kulbhushan Jadhav was arrested in March 2016 by Pakistani security forces in Balochistan province after he reportedly entered from Iran.   He…

01 November, 2019 Pakistan

The policy way out.

The policy is way out. News India is in the middle of a sharp growth slowdown. The debate surrounding the slowdown is whether it is a cyclical downturn or a structural correction. Diagnosing the problem is key for devising policy responses. Slowdown Cyclical slowdowns can be dealt with using temporary fiscal and monetary stimulus. Structural problems require long-run policy responses. The slowdown is structural – Oil imports Most of the growth between 2014 and 2017 was sparked by a sharp increase in government spending. Given India’s oil imports, the decline in the world price of oil by almost $50 a…

12 October, 2019 West Asia

Techno-Politics: Focus on China’s facial recognition technologies.

 Techno-Politics: Focus on China’s facial recognition technologies. Context The new round of US sanctions against China has turned the light on surveillance technologies including facial recognition that gained much traction in recent years. US sanctions on Chinese tech companies: US announced measures against around two-dozen entities. Some of them are leading companies in China’s artificial intelligence industry. They manufacture surveillance cameras as well as work on facial recognition. The rest are public security agencies in China. These entities will no longer be able to access US technology products without a license. New centers of tensions: There is an additional dimension…

11 October, 2019

1,300 story of Mahabalipuram’s China connection

 1,300 stories of Mahabalipuram’s China connection. Context Mahabalipuram or Mamallapuram where PM Modi will meet China’s President Xi Jinping on October 11 & 12 in an informal Wuhan-style summit, had ancient links with Buddhism and China through the maritime outreach of the Pallava dynasty. When the Pallavas ruled? The name Mamallapuram derives from Mamallan, or “great warrior”, a title by which the Pallava King Narasimhavarman I (630-668 AD) was known. It was during his reign that Hiuen Tsang, the Chinese Buddhist monk-traveller, visited the Pallava capital at Kanchipuram. Narasimhavarman II (c.700-728 AD), also known as Rajasthan, built on the work…

10 October, 2019

Delhi needs to do more to protect and deepen ties with Dhaka.

Delhi needs to do more to protect and deepen ties with Dhaka. Context Sheikh Hasina made a four-day official visit to India. Joint statement The joint statement contained mutual appreciation for steps taken in various fields and outlines of what is intended in the use of ports and connectivity, water sharing, power, gas, education, culture, and defence. For Bangladesh, the reference to the plight of the “forcibly displaced” persons of Rakhine in Myanmar is a positive development. The joint statement lacked the vision of the one issued after Hasina’s visit in 2010. The effort then was to raise the relationship…

08 October, 2019 Bangladesh

A Triangular Affair

GS-II: A Triangular Affair News Delhi will have to accept China’s role in Bangladesh while shaping its ties with Dhaka. India’s abiding regional strategic objective ought to be one which ensures that Bangladesh does not morph into Pakistan either by way of being compelled into choosing Beijing over Delhi or nurturing radical Islamic ideologies domestically. It is to the credit of both Dhaka and Delhi that despite some missteps the bi-lateral is currently described as the best ever and a template for India’s ties with its other neighbours. Wuhan Summit: The coastal town of Mamallapuram (aka Mahabalipuram) has pipped the…

09 October, 2019

Seize the opening.

GS-II: Seize the opening. Context The spokesperson for Iran’s nuclear agency announced that the country had the ability to enrich uranium up to 20% and it had launched advanced centrifuge machines. Implications This further violates its commitments under the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). It is also an escalation of the brinkmanship since US President Donald Trump withdrew from the JCPOA in May 2018. JCPOA The 2015 JCPOA came into being after arduous negotiations. It placed restrictions on Iran’s nuclear programme and removed the harsh economic sanctions on the country. Since the US’s withdrawal from the deal, the Trump…

04 October, 2019 West Asia

In search of the Wuhan spirit.

GS-II: In search of the Wuhan spirit. News The second informal summit between the leaders of India and China is scheduled to take place in the second week of October. Wuhan summit At the Wuhan Summit last year, a decision was made to hold more such summits, aimed at ensuring “higher levels of strategic communications.” China agreed to an informal summit in 2018 despite so many achievements and it actually did not need to make concessions to India. Choice of Mamallapuram: Wuhan was picked by President Xi Jinping as the venue last year to demonstrate China’s economic resilience and might.…

05 October, 2019

Sea route from Chennai to Vladivostok

GS-II: Sea route from Chennai to Vladivostok News During PM’s visit to Vladivostok this week, an MoI was signed to open a full-fledged maritime route between Russia’s eastern port city and Chennai on India’s eastern seaboard. Vladivostok In Russian, Vladivostok is ‘Ruler of the East’. Located on the Golden Horn Bay north of North Korea and a short distance from Russia’s border with China, it is the largest port on Russia’s Pacific coast, and home to the Pacific Fleet of the Russian Navy. It is the eastern railhead of the legendary Trans Siberian Railway, which connects the far east of…

07 September, 2019 Others

Letting the pearl on the Silk Road shine brighter

GS-I: Letting the pearl on the Silk Road shine brighter Context The Dunhuang city has been witness to multiple interactions and mutual learning between China and India. Recently, Chinese President Xi Jinping visited the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang city of China to inspect cultural relics protection and research work. About Dunhuang The city of Dunhuang, in north-west China, is situated at a point of vital strategic and logistical importance, on a crossroads of two major trade routes within the Silk Road network.  Lying in an oasis at the edge of the Taklamakan Desert, Dunhuang was one of the first trading…

24 August, 2019

‘Public charges’ in US immigration policy

GS-II: ‘Public charges’ in US immigration policy Context The US signalled a major change in its green card policy, by announcing an expansion in the meaning of the term “public charge”. The new rule could drastically reduce legal immigration to the US. The ‘Public Charge’ The present definition, according to the website of the US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), is as follows: For purposes of determining inadmissibility, “public charge” means an individual who is likely to become primarily dependent on the government for subsistence, as demonstrated by either the receipt of public cash assistance for income maintenance or institutionalization…

10 August, 2019 U.S.A

Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty

GS-II: Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty. Context The U.S has withdrawn from the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty. What’s the issue? US in early December last year announced that it would suspend its obligations under the INF treaty by Feb. 2, citing Russian “cheating,” unless Moscow comes into compliance with the terms of the pact. The U.S. government says the new Russian missile violates provisions of the pact that ban production, testing and deployment of land-based cruise and ballistic missiles with a range of 310 to 3,400 miles. What would happen in the absence of treaty? It is unclear what…

07 August, 2019 U.S.A

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